Adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs
| ADR | VPA | CBZ | LTG | Others | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychiatry | |||||
| Behavioural problems | 8 | 7 | 3 | TPM (1), PHT (1), LEV (2) | 22 |
| Depression | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 |
| Anxiety | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Skin and appendage | |||||
| Rash | – | 5 | 3 | PBT (1) | 9 |
| Steven-Johnson syndrome | PBT (1), PHT (1) | 2 | |||
| Hair loss | 4 | – | – | – | 4 |
| Metabolic | |||||
| Increased appetite | 2 | 1 | – | – | 3 |
| Reduced appetite | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Weight gain | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 |
| Polydipsia | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Nervous system | |||||
| Somnolence/sleep disorders | 2 | 6 | 2 | CLB (4), ETX (1), PBT (1), PHT (1), LEV (1) | 18 |
| Headache | 2 | – | 2 | – | 4 |
| Fatigue | 2 | 2 | – | – | 4 |
| Dizziness | – | 1 | 2 | – | 3 |
| Blurred vision | – | 3 | – | – | 3 |
| Poor concentration | – | – | – | TPM (1), LEV (1) | 2 |
| Auditory hallucination | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Tremor | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Paraesthesia | – | – | – | TPM (1) | 1 |
| Dystonia | – | – | – | PHT (2) | 2 |
| Increased/new seizure | – | – | – | TPM (1), OXC (1) | 2 |
| Gastrointestinal | |||||
| Nausea | 2 | 2 | – | ETX (1) | 5 |
| Vomiting | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| Abdominal pain | 1 | – | 1 | TPM (1) | 3 |
| Diarrhoea | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Others | |||||
| Fever | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Enuresis | 1 | – | – | TPM (1) | 2 |
| Incontinence | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Renal stone | – | – | – | TPM (1) | 1 |
| Respiratory arrest | – | – | – | Paraldehyde (1) | 1 |
| Thrombocytopenia/bruising | 3 | – | – | LEV (1) | 4 |
| Elevated ALT | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Gum hypertrophy | 1 | PHT (1) | 2 | ||
| Total | 34 | 36 | 15 | 29 | 114 |
ALT, alanine transaminase; ADRs, adverse drug reactions; CBZ, carbamazepine; CLB, clobazam; ETX, ethosuximide; LEV, levetiracetam; LTG, lamotrigine; OXC, oxcarbazepine; PBT, phenobarbital; PHT, phenytoin; TPM, topiramate; VPA, valproic acid.