Multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between food environment (10 and 15 min walking distance network buffers) and the odds of eating five vegetables and fruits per day adjusting for gender, age, education, self-rated health, marital status, visible minority status and family income
| OR (95% CI) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample (n=2411) | Subgroup A: spending a mean of 4.7 h at home (n=804) | Subgroup B: spending a mean of 8 h at home (n=804) | Subgroup C: spending a mean of 12.3 h at home (n=803) | |||||
| Model 1a† | Model 1b† | Model 2a† | Model 2b† | Model 3a† | Model 3b† | Model 4a† | Model 4b† | |
| Healthier (ref=no stores) | ||||||||
| 1 store | 0.843 (0.494 to 1.438) | 1.430 (0.955 to 2.141) | 0.964 (0.553 to 1.681) | 1.544 (0.948 to 2.515) | 0.788 (0.535 to 1.161) | 0.888 (0.654 to 1.206) | 0.825 (0.596 to 1.141) | 0.972 (0.563 to 1.679) |
| 2 stores | 1.042 (0.819 to 1.326) | 1.313 (0.867 to 1.988) | 0.729 (0.477 to 1.113) | 1.285 (0.970 to 1.701) | 1.083 (0.732 to 1.601) | 1.172 (0.943 to 1.457) | 1.159 (0.765 to 1.757) | 1.606 (1.082 to 2.385)* |
| 3 or more stores | 1.249 (0.796 to 1.958) | 1.184 (0.942 to 1.489) | 1.109 (0.773 to 1.591) | 0.774 (0.354 to 1.691) | 1.139 (0.908 to 1.917) | 1.362 (1.030 to 1.801)* | 1.291 (1.048 to 1.590)* | 1.614 (1.108 to 2.352)* |
| Less healthy (ref=3+ stores) | ||||||||
| 0 stores | 1.045 (0.710 to 1.537) | 1.045 (0.710 to 1.537) | 1.019 (0.711 to 1.459) | 1.012 (0.690 to 1.483) | 1.377 (1.041 to 1.823)* | 1.014 (0.709 to 1.451) | 1.381 (1.043 to 1.829)* | 1.025 (0.716 to 1.467) |
| 1 store | 1.043 (0.621 to 1.750) | 0.985 (0.576 to 1.685) | 1.003 (0.610 to 1.649) | 0.964 (0.566 to 1.644) | 1.192 (0.958 to 1.483) | 0.985 (0.600 to 1.616) | 1.191 (0.956 to 1.484) | 0.990 (0.604 to 1.625) |
| 2 stores | 0.985 (0.576 to 1.685) | 1.043 (0.621 to 1.750) | 1.000 (0.608 to 1.646) | 1.024 (0.612 to 1.714) | 0.895 (0.659 to 1.217) | 1.003 (0.611 to 1.648) | 0.895 (0.659 to 1.218) | 1.015 (0.617 to 1.668) |
| Fast food (ref=3+ stores) | ||||||||
| 0 stores | 1.082 (0.731 to 1.601) | 1.133 (0.665 to 1.931) | 1.175 (0.810 to 1.703) | 1.658 (0.930 to 2.955) | 1.365 (0.940 to 1.982) | 1.175 (0.810 to 1.703) | 1.227 (0.862 to 1.745) | 1.281 (1.037 to 1.583)* |
| 1 store | 1.070 (0.796 to 1.439) | 1.124 (0.811 to 1.558) | 1.126 (0.648 to 1.957) | 1.299 (0.979 to 1.723) | 1.380 (0.862 to 2.209) | 1.126 (0.648 to 1.957) | 1.235 (0.760 to 2.005) | 1.267 (1.027 to 1.563)* |
| 2 stores | 0.865 (0.670 to 1.116) | 0.970 (0.679 to 1.386) | 0.874 (0.506 to 1.509) | 1.003 (0.538 to 1.870) | 0.864 (0.514 to 1.453) | 0.874 (0.506 to 1.509) | 0.763 (0.466 to 1.251) | 0.992 (0.745 to 1.321) |
*p<0.05.
†The suffix ‘a’ label denotes food outlet densities calculated within 10 min walking distance, and the suffix ‘b’ denotes food outlet densities calculated within 15 min walking distance.