Crude HR (95% CI)* | p Value | Adjusted HR (95% CI)† | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time to EDSS score 4.0 (n=605) | ||||
Asthma | ||||
No | – | – | ||
Yes | 1.27 (0.93 to 1.74) | 0.12 | 1.29 (0.93 to 1.77) | 0.11 |
Gender | ||||
Male | – | – | ||
Female | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.98) | 0.03 | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.08) | 0.18 |
Pack-years smoked from MS onset to EDSS 4.0 | ||||
<1 | – | – | ||
>1 | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.67) | 0.02 | 1.31 (1.03 to 1.67) | 0.02 |
DMT≥1 year | ||||
No | – | – | ||
Yes | 1.25 (1.00 to 1.56) | 0.04 | 1.36 (1.07 to 1.73) | 0.01 |
Disease clinical course at onset | ||||
Relapsing onset | – | – | ||
Progressive onset | 1.85 (1.34 to 2.54) | <0.001 | 2.29 (1.62 to 3.28) | <0.001 |
Time to EDSS score 6.0 (n=612) | ||||
Asthma | ||||
No | – | – | ||
Yes | 1.33 (0.93 to 1.88) | 0.10 | 1.33 (0.93 to 1.89) | 0.11 |
Gender | ||||
Male | – | – | ||
Female | 0.74 (0.58 to 0.95) | 0.02 | 0.79 (0.61 to 1.03) | 0.09 |
Pack-years smoked from MS onset to EDSS 6.0 | ||||
<1 | – | – | ||
>1 | 1.19 (0.92 to 1.55) | 0.17 | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.56) | 0.18 |
DMT ≥1 year | ||||
No | – | – | ||
Yes | 1.27 (1.00 to 1.62) | 0.04 | 1.35 (1.03 to 1.76) | 0.02 |
Disease clinical course at onset | ||||
Relapsing onset | – | – | ||
Progressive onset | 1.58 (1.12 to 2.21) | 0.008 | 1.92 (1.32 to 2.78) | 0.001 |
*The univariate cox regression models without any adjustment.
†The model was adjusted for age, sex, pack of cigarette (0 to 1 and more than 1 pack), DMTs and MS course.
DMTs, disease modifying treatments; EDSS, expanded disability status scale; MS, multiple sclerosis.