Health behaviour and adiposity stratified by income quintile
| N | Highest income quintile | Middle income quintile | Lowest income quintile | Global p value | Change per 10K higher income | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | |||||||||
| Fruits and vegetable (number/day) | 2974 | 3.0±1.6 | 2.8±1.6 | 2.6±1.5 | 2.5±1.6 | 2.5±1.7 | 0.02 | +0.84 (+0.58; +1.11) | <0.001 |
| Soft drinks (number/day) | 2991 | 0.4±0.7 | 0.5±0.7 | 0.5±0.7 | 0.6±0.8 | 0.7±0.9 | 0.009 | −0.36 (−0.49; +0.23) | <0.001 |
| Skip breakfast (days/week) | 3041 | 1.7±2.1 | 1.8±2.2 | 2.1±2.2 | 2.3±2.3 | 2.4±2.4 | 0.001 | −1.08 (−1.45; −0.71) | <0.001 |
| Restaurant meals (number/week) | 3001 | 1.0±1.1 | 1.1±1.1 | 1.2±1.1 | 1.3±1.3 | 1.3±1.3 | 0.17 | −0.33 (−0.57; −0.09) | 0.007 |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Physical activity (sessions/week) | 2901 | 11.3±4.8 | 10.7±4.7 | 10.8±4.9 | 10.9±4.7 | 10.3±4.9 | 0.17 | +1.09 (+0.04; +2.14) | 0.04 |
| Screen time (h/days) | 2875 | 5.1±2.7 | 5.4±2.8 | 5.6±2.8 | 6.0±2.9 | 6.2±3.2 | 0.03 | −1.32 (−1.90; −0.75) | <0.001 |
| Adiposity | |||||||||
| BMI z-score | 3391 | 0.53±1.12 | 0.61±1.12 | 0.65±1.15 | 0.63±1.22 | 0.72±1.19 | 0.06 | −0.34 (−0.53; −0.16) | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 3387 | 0.45±0.06 | 0.46±0.07 | 0.46±0.7 | 0.46±0.07 | 0.46±0.07 | 0.05 | −1.86 (−3.05; −0.68) | 0.002 |
Global p value from multivariable linear regression models adjusted for within-school clustering through a compound symmetry covariance structure and Wald χ2 test to determine statistical significance. All regression models adjusted for age at enrolment, gender, rural/urban area and number of siblings. Values in bold are significantly different from the lowest income quintile value in pairwise comparison.
BMI, body mass index.