Table 3

Cardiometabolic deaths (per million adults) attributable to dietary and metabolic risk factors in 20 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (2010)

	High systolic blood pressure (>115 mm Hg)	Overweight- obesity	High fasting plasma glucose (>5.3 mmol/L)	High serum total cholesterol (>4 mmol/L)	Suboptimal Diet*	Low fruits (<300 g/day)	Low whole grains (<125 g/day)	Low nuts and seeds (<16.2 g/day)	Low vegetables and beans (<400 g/d)	Low seafood ω-3 fatty acids (<250 mg/day)	High sodium (>2000 mg/d)	Low PUFA as a replacement for SFA or carbohydrate (<12% E/day)	High trans-fatty acids (>0.5%E/day)	High processed meat (>0 g/day)	High SSBs (>0 g/day)	High unprocessed red meat (>14.3 g/day)
High income
Bahrain	430	383	465	158	562	102	107	99	85	102	141	38	99	42	44	39
Bahrain	(396–464)	(355–413)	(426–507)	(130–188)	(536–589)	(89–117)	(95–120)	(88–113)	(70–100)	(88–116)	(86–190)	(32–45)	(86–111)	(36–49)	(35–54)	(28–51)
Kuwait	870	659	519	388	1041	238	305	199	237	238	184	106	124	63	29	21
Kuwait	(804–940)	(628–690)	(470–569)	(347–436)	(1003–1076)	(215–264)	(286–326)	(176–220)	(215–259)	(208–267)	(108–257)	(92–120)	(101–146)	(50–76)	(22–37)	(15–28)
UAE	392	287	216	227	498	122	150	105	94	129	83	61	34	39	18	12
UAE	(342–441)	(255–319)	(183–252)	(185–269)	(478–516)	(102–143)	(131–168)	(86–125)	(74–117)	(104–155)	(49–118)	(48–75)	(27–42)	(29–51)	(14–23)	(9–17)
Oman	872	460	713	271	952	219	168	168	175	190	166	75	91	53	47	37
Oman	(794–953)	(425–498)	(652–776)	(209–350)	(907–999)	(192–248)	(149–189)	(150–187)	(145–210)	(167–217)	(101–229)	(63–88)	(74–110)	(45–61)	(39–55)	(27–48)
Qatar	208	170	187	98	260	51	53	53	46	61	48	21	29	19	16	13
Qatar	(189–229)	(157–183)	(170–204)	(80–115)	(249–271)	(44–60)	(46–61)	(46–61)	(38–56)	(52–71)	(29–66)	(17–26)	(22–37)	(16–24)	(13–19)	(9–17)
Saudi Arabia	1102	582	689	256	1019	256	181	207	239	225	135	118	54	50	29	17
Saudi Arabia	(1002–1208)	(541–626)	(616–760)	(200–332)	(975–1064)	(227–289)	(159–204)	(183–233)	(203–278)	(194–258)	(83–184)	(100–137)	(46–62)	(41–60)	(22–36)	(13–22)
Upper middle income
Algeria	1540	514	672	231	1395	411	215	213	312	223	322	112	45	47	46	57
Algeria	(1409–1676)	(460–583)	(615–735)	(175–310)	(1322–1464)	(378–445)	(190–242)	(191–237)	(281–344)	(195–252)	(199–432)	(97–127)	(38–52)	(40–54)	(38–55)	(45–70)
Iran	2035	670	589	630	1976	444	429	311	455	444	388	170	315	96	20	10
Iran	(1829–2244)	(608–731)	(527–653)	(496–809)	(1890–2064)	(400–492)	(392–468)	(271–354)	(408–502)	(387–501)	(244–534)	(143–199)	(276–351)	(77–115)	(14–26)	(8–12)
Jordan	1379	1187	1160	444	1487	231	368	256	159	311	343	111	128	62	84	43
Jordan	(1267–1495)	(1115–1263)	(1071–1255)	(362–540)	(1403–1568)	(210–254)	(338–399)	(226–283)	(142–179)	(271–352)	(218–460)	(94–130)	(104–155)	(52–72)	(67–102)	(32–56)
Lebanon	1937	1000	843	567	1773	386	358	327	228	562	210	86	198	102	59	14
Lebanon	(1695–2198)	(904–1103)	(735–970)	(394–798)	(1703–1852)	(343–431)	(326–391)	(284–373)	(202–253)	(491–639)	(130–289)	(66–111)	(155–239)	(81–125)	(45–74)	(10–18)
Libya	2113	977	1015	409	1866	577	303	298	483	374	402	112	165	67	50	26
Libya	(1936–2301)	(895–1066)	(922–1121)	(323–516)	(1782–1946)	(523–633)	(268–341)	(261–341)	(437–530)	(319–429)	(253–545)	(92–135)	(134–199)	(55–80)	(39–63)	(19–33)
Tunisia	2028	817	872	455	1819	489	312	288	342	363	445	124	80	73	45	22
Tunisia	(1812–2230)	(716–939)	(776–991)	(325–631)	(1715–1920)	(425–554)	(272–353)	(245–332)	(277–413)	(305–425)	(277–600)	(100–151)	(68–94)	(59–88)	(34–55)	(16–28)
Turkey	1897	956	636	551	1954	473	644	311	287	356	442	114	91	93	35	10
Turkey	(1759–2044)	(897–1012)	(578–693)	(457–671)	(1863–2042)	(429–518)	(605–684)	(274–348)	(258–319)	(307–410)	(275–601)	(96–132)	(79–103)	(76–109)	(25–45)	(8–12)
Lower middle income
Egypt	2855	1252	490	638	2938	814	768	462	348	515	526	263	1035	100	41	10
Egypt	(2653–3048)	(1177–1328)	(437–541)	(515–790)	(2829–3047)	(742–887)	(727–810)	(417–510)	(307–394)	(454–578)	(328–713)	(230–298)	(959–1113)	(82–120)	(28–54)	(8–12)
Iraq	2102	1058	985	553	1990	553	311	332	379	429	367	207	192	81	55	29
Iraq	(1885–2334)	(956–1170)	(887–1098)	(433–717)	(1897–2081)	(491–617)	(270–355)	(290–376)	(312–458)	(365–493)	(226–498)	(176–245)	(153–231)	(68–96)	(43–69)	(22–37)
Morocco	1570	917	1352	241	1586	417	279	237	309	219	363	85	48	79	102	55
Morocco	(1417–1729)	(800–1057)	(1225–1488)	(168–332)	(1499–1679)	(372–462)	(245–315)	(211–265)	(256–366)	(190–251)	(227–493)	(71–99)	(42–55)	(68–90)	(83–122)	(41–71)
Palestine	1682	722	849	241	1629	603	195	219	402	304	331	117	140	47	43	19
Palestine	(1547–1829)	(667–780)	(768–934)	(178–311)	(1544–1708)	(536–673)	(165–230)	(191–249)	(333–479)	(262–345)	(205–445)	(99–138)	(107–174)	(38–57)	(33–52)	(15–24)
Syria	2109	943	743	585	2294	628	510	377	450	621	456	229	218	111	38	10
Syria	(1882–2365)	(852–1037)	(632–859)	(439–774)	(2190–2384)	(558–700)	(470–552)	(333–424)	(378–527)	(550–689)	(283–618)	(198–261)	(179–264)	(87–134)	(26–50)	(7–12)
Yemen	1794	586	665	320	1827	555	523	309	408	358	266	194	136	68	42	19
Yemen	(1618–1962)	(491–685)	(589–744)	(233–414)	(1759–1895)	(487–622)	(479–567)	(267–354)	(345–479)	(303–414)	(168–361)	(162–228)	(104–172)	(55–81)	(33–52)	(13–24)

*Calculated based on the joint PAF of individual dietary factors.
PAF, population-attributable fraction.