WHO region | NO2 24 h | NO2 1 h | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All SC/MC* | Selected SC/MC† | Random effects (95% CI)‡ | I2 (%)§ | All SC/MC* | Selected SC/MC† | Random effects (95% CI)‡ | I2 (%)§ | |
All-cause, all ages | ||||||||
Overall¶ | 72/12 | 5/6 | 0.71 (0.43 to 1.00) | 61.8 | 20/3 | 3/2 | 0.24 (0.00 to 0.49) | 88.2 |
AMR A | 11/5 | 1/2 | 0.32 (−0.01 to 0.67) | 2/0 | 2/0 | 0.76 (−0.05 to 1.58) | ||
AMR B | 1/0 | 1/0 | 0.59 (−0.26 to 1.45) | 2/0 | 2/0 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.01) | ||
EUR A | 40/6 | 14/3 | 0.90 (0.45 to 1.35) | 14/2 | 3/1 | 0.25 (0.10 to 0.40) | ||
WPR A | 3/0 | 3/0 | 0.66 (−0.10 to 1.44) | 2/1 | 0/1 | 0.58 (0.21 to 0.94) | ||
WPR B | 17/0 | 6/0 | 0.56 (0.18 to 0.94) | – | – | – | ||
Multiregion** | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1.23 (0.84 to 1.62) | – | – | – | ||
All cardiovascular, all ages | ||||||||
Overall¶ | 54/8 | 5/5 | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.13) | 72.7 | 13/2 | 1/2 | 0.85 (0.20 to 1.50) | 0 |
AMR A | 5/1 | 4/1 | 0.53 (0.38 to 0.67) | – | – | – | ||
AMR B | 1/0 | 1/0 | 0.73 (−0.87 to 2.36) | – | – | – | ||
EUR A | 30/6 | 10/3 | 1.03 (0.70 to 1.36) | 12/1 | 2/1 | 1.02 (−0.44 to 2.49) | ||
WPR A | 1/0 | 1/0 | 0.67 (−0.24 to 1.60) | 1/1 | 0/1 | 0.94 (0.42 to 1.47) | ||
WPR B | 17/0 | 7/0 | 0.91 (0.52 to 1.31) | – | – | – | ||
Multiregion** | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1.36 (0.89 to 1.83) | – | – | – | ||
All respiratory, all ages | ||||||||
Overall¶ | 49/8 | 5/5 | 1.09 (0.75 to 1.42) | 14.7 | 16/3 | 1/2 | 1.02 (−0.37 to 2.44) | 87.4 |
AMR A | 4/1 | 3/1 | 0.54 (−0.02 to 1.10) | – | – | – | ||
AMR B | 1/0 | 1/0 | 1.21 (−1.43 to 3.91) | – | – | – | ||
EUR A | 29/6 | 9/3 | 1.32 (0.74 to 1.91) | 14/2 | 2/1 | 0.38 (0.17 to 0.59) | ||
WPR A | 3/0 | 3/0 | 1.27 (−0.86 to 3.45) | 2/1 | 0/1 | 2.00 (0.89 to 3.12) | ||
WPR B | 12/0 | 5/0 | 1.49 (0.47 to 2.52) | – | – | – | ||
Multiregion** | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1.48 (0.68 to 2.29) | – | – | – |
*Numbers of SC/MC estimates available from all studies.
†Numbers of SC/MC estimates selected for meta-analysis.
‡Random-effects summary estimate (95% CI) per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2.
§I2 statistic for heterogeneity between WHO regions.
¶Estimate numbers for ‘overall’ refer to: (1) the number of SC/MC estimates available from all studies; (2) for selected estimates, it is the number of pooled (from SC estimates) and MC estimates used to calculate the overall summary estimate across WHO regions.
**Multiregion refers to more than one WHO region. In this table, only one MC study (RMID 313) provided estimates for WHO multiregion for mortality; the WHO regions covered in this study were SEAR B and WPR B.
AMR, Region of the Americas; EUR, European Region; MC, multicity; SC, single-city; SEAR, South East Asian Region; WPR, Western Pacific Region.