Summary of time-series studies of NO2 and mortality and hospital admissions available for review
| Total | Multicity study | Single-city study | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Mortality* | Hospital admission | Mortality | Hospital admission | Mortality | Hospital admission |
| Total | 123 | 94 | 25 | 21 | 98 | 73 |
| Disease† | ||||||
| Respiratory | 70 | 68 | 16 | 12 | 54 | 56 |
| Cardiovascular | 84 | 52 | 18 | 14 | 66 | 38 |
| All-cause | 101 | 4 | 21 | 0 | 80 | 4 |
| WHO region | ||||||
| American A | 24 | 23 | 6 | 5 | 18 | 18 |
| European A | 56 | 41 | 16 | 11 | 40 | 30 |
| Western Pacific B | 31 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 29 | 15 |
| American B | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
| Western Pacific A | 5 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| South East Asia B | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Averaging time | ||||||
| 24 h | 107 | 82 | 21 | 17 | 86 | 65 |
| Maximum 1 h | 27 | 25 | 5 | 10 | 22 | 15 |
*One multicity study on mortality used multiple WHO regions, that is, South East Asia B and Western Pacific B.
†Respiratory includes all respiratory diseases, asthma, COPD (including asthma), lower respiratory infections and upper respiratory diseases; cardiovascular includes all cardiovascular diseases, cardiac disease, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, dysrhythmia and stroke.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.