112 Predefined candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 25 genes with a putative influence on opioid receptors, signalling and pain modulation: OPRM1, OPRD1, OPRK1, ARRB2, GNAZ, HINT1, Stat6, ABCB1, COMT, HRH1, ADRA2A, MC1R, TACR1, GCH1, DRD2, DRD3, HTR3A, HTR3B, HTR2A, HTR3C, HTR3D, HTR3E, HTR1A, UGT2B7 or CNR1
| Morphine (n=838) | Fentanyl (n=405) | Oxycodone (n=429) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.1 (12.1) | 63.5 (12.6) | 62.3 (12.3) |
| Female gender | 394 (47.0) | 202 (49.9) | 188 (43.8) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 (4.7) | 23.2 (4.6) | 23.9 (4.3) |
| Karnofsky* | 60 (50–70) | 60 (40–70) | 70 (50–80) |
| Time on opioids (months)* | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–4.5) |
| 24 hourly opioid dose* | 60 mg (40–120 mg) | 50 µg (25 –75 µg) | 60 mg (40–120 mg) |
The population characteristics of the three cohorts of patients on opioids in the European Palliative Outcomes Study (mean (SD), median (IQR*) or n (%)).
*IQR=(Lower quartile−upper quartile).