Resource use Total resource consumption across cohort* | Resource use Mean (SE) per patient or per cent of cohort with procedure/event | Cost Mean (SE) per patient across whole cohort | |
---|---|---|---|
n=936 | n=936 | n=936 | |
In-hospital episode | |||
Blood products† | |||
RBC units | 1478 | 1.58 (0.20) | £198.13 (£24.55) |
FFP units | 174 | 0.19 (0.05) | £5.72 (£1.35) |
Platelets units | 61 | 0.07 (0.02) | £13.84 (£3.97) |
Cryoprecipitate units | 12 | 0.01 (0.01) | £2.45 (£1.53) |
Single factor VIIa dose | 2 | 0.25% | £2.55 (£46.86) |
Laboratory testing‡ | |||
FBC tests | 4592 | 4.88 (0.26) | £16.47 (£0.87) |
Urea and electrolytes tests | 4266 | 4.52 (0.31) | £5.74 (£0.39) |
Liver function tests | 3081 | 3.29 (0.44) | £2.27 (£0.30) |
Coagulation tests | 2406 | 2.55 (0.30) | £17.22 (£2.06) |
Medications§ | |||
Medications | Various¶ | Various¶ | £23.76 (£5.59) |
Fluids in 24 h** | |||
Colloids (L) | 117 | 0.12 (0.04) | £0.63 (£0.23) |
Crystalloids (L) | 1606 | 1.72 (0.07) | £2.44 (£0.10) |
Endoscopies†† | |||
Diagnostic | 506 | 0.57 (0.06) | £371.13 (£36.24) |
Therapeutic | 277 | 0.29 (0.05) | £270.40 (£44.83) |
Interventions‡‡ | |||
Surgical | 12 | 1.3% | £19.37 (£5.56) |
Radiological | 12 | 1.3% | £33.42 (£16.14) |
Adverse events in hospital‡‡ | |||
Acute coronary syndrome | 4 | 0.4% | £3.77 (£1.88) |
Stroke | 3 | 0.3% | £4.77 (£2.75) |
Acute kidney injury | 17 | 1.8% | £27.69 (£8.79) |
Pulmonary embolism | 5 | 0.5% | £4.01 (£1.79) |
Deep vein thrombosis | 0 | 0% | £0.00 (£0.00) |
Length of hospital stay | |||
Total length of hospital stay (days) | 4997 | 5.34 (0.29) | £1438.97 (£110.86) |
Total in-hospital costs | – | £2457.58 (£215.73) | |
Postdischarge care§§,¶¶,*** | |||
Acute hospital readmission bed days | 490 | 0.52 (0.08) | £138.96 (£20.75) |
Community hospital admission bed days | 66 | 0.07 (0.04) | £18.80 (£10.62) |
Nursing/residential care admission bed days | 367 | 0.38 (0.20) | £32.05 (£17.12) |
Number of ED visits | 160 | 0.17 (0.03) | £17.33 (£2.56) |
Number of hospital clinic visits | 374 | 0.41 (0.06) | £50.42 (£6.93) |
Number of day hospital visits | 87 | 0.10 (0.03) | £41.22 (£11.37) |
Number of visits to GP | 608 | 0.65 (0.06) | £29.44 (£2.72) |
Number of GP home visits | 98 | 0.10 (0.02) | £11.88 (£2.01) |
Number of visits to practice nurse | 183 | 0.20 (0.03) | £2.67 (£0.42) |
Number of home visits from district nurse | 313 | 0.34 (0.09) | £13.44 (£3.42) |
Number of other health/social visits | 700 | 0.77 (0.48) | £35.00 (£21.99) |
Total postdischarge costs to 28 days | – | – | £391.20 (£43.55) |
Total costs to 28 days | – | – | £2850.85 (£225.15) |
*Based on data following multiple imputation.
Data were missing and therefore imputed on:
†RBCs for 1 patient/FFP, platelets and cryoprecipitate for 10 patients/rFVIIa for 37 patients.
‡Laboratory tests for seven patients.
§Medications for 56 patients.
¶Numerous and so not reported individually.
Data were missing and therefore imputed on:
**Colloids for 39 patients/crystalloids for 32 patients.
††Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopies for 12 patients.
‡‡Surgical intervention, radiological intervention, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis for one patient.
§§Denominator when estimating missing data for postdischarge care is 894 patients not recorded as having died by 28 days.
¶¶Data missing on acute hospital readmission for 272 patients/community hospital readmissions and nursing home and residential care admissions for 304 patients/ED visits for 278 patients/hospital clinic visits for 275 patients/day hospital visits for 276 patients/GP visits, GP home visits, practice nurse visits and district nurse home visits for 315 patients/other health and social care visits for 398 patients.
***Data reported are total number of bed days and visits with some patients having numerous contacts.
ED, emergency department; FBC, full blood count; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; GP, general practitioner; RBC, red blood cell.