Unit increment | April until June (spring) | July and August (summer) | September until November (fall) | December until March (winter) | Annual effects | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||||
Concentration on the same day as a primary care visit | ||||||||||||||||
PM2.5 | 10 μg/m3 | 0.935 | 0.849 | 1.031 | 0.921 | 0.774 | 1.096 | 0.985 | 0.891 | 1.089 | 1.060 | 0.923 | 1.217 | 0.984 | 0.931 | 1.041 |
PM10 | 10 μg/m3 | 0.965 | 0.920 | 1.012 | 0.947 | 0.822 | 1.091 | 0.963 | 0.901 | 1.030 | 1.018 | 0.924 | 1.121 | 0.975 | 0.944 | 1.007 |
OBC | 0.1 μg/m3 | 0.990 | 0.949 | 1.032 | 0.956 | 0.886 | 1.031 | 1.029 | 0.984 | 1.076 | 0.998 | 0.957 | 1.041 | 0.999 | 0.976 | 1.022 |
NO2 | 10 ppb | 0.913 | 0.671 | 1.242 | 1.128 | 0.619 | 2.058 | 1.184 | 0.854 | 1.643 | 0.909 | 0.670 | 1.232 | 0.992 | 0.841 | 1.170 |
Ozone | 10 ppb | 1.019 | 0.884 | 1.176 | 1.124 | 0.971 | 1.302 | 0.979 | 0.814 | 1.177 | 1.021 | 0.820 | 1.270 | 1.057 | 0.978 | 1.142 |
Concentration on the day before a primary care visit | ||||||||||||||||
PM2.5 | 10 μg/m3 | 0.964 | 0.869 | 1.070 | 1.185 | 0.996 | 1.409 | 0.970 | 0.879 | 1.070 | 1.130 | 0.986 | 1.294 | 1.021 | 0.965 | 1.081 |
PM10 | 10 μg/m3 | 0.961 | 0.912 | 1.013 | 1.194* | 1.036 | 1.377 | 0.980 | 0.917 | 1.048 | 1.096 | 0.995 | 1.207 | 0.998 | 0.965 | 1.032 |
OBC | 0.1 μg/m3 | 1.002 | 0.959 | 1.047 | 1.036 | 0.957 | 1.121 | 0.972 | 0.928 | 1.018 | 1.001 | 0.960 | 1.045 | 0.997 | 0.974 | 1.021 |
NO2 | 10 ppb | 1.060 | 0.774 | 1.451 | 0.864 | 0.455 | 1.639 | 1.132 | 0.808 | 1.587 | 0.746 | 0.550 | 1.011 | 0.929 | 0.783 | 1.103 |
Ozone | 10 ppb | 1.160* | 1.005 | 1.340 | 1.077 | 0.932 | 1.246 | 0.943 | 0.781 | 1.138 | 1.286* | 1.028 | 1.609 | 1.114* | 1.029 | 1.206 |
3-day mean concentration before a primary care visit | ||||||||||||||||
PM2.5 | 10 μg/m3 | 0.959 | 0.834 | 1.104 | 1.119 | 0.882 | 1.420 | 0.928 | 0.821 | 1.048 | 1.103 | 0.921 | 1.320 | 0.990 | 0.921 | 1.065 |
PM10 | 10 μg/m3 | 0.951 | 0.892 | 1.014 | 1.180 | 0.973 | 1.431 | 0.938 | 0.866 | 1.016 | 1.079 | 0.946 | 1.231 | 0.973 | 0.934 | 1.014 |
OBC | 0.1 μg/m3 | 1.004 | 0.943 | 1.070 | 0.977 | 0.882 | 1.083 | 0.959 | 0.904 | 1.018 | 0.985 | 0.930 | 1.042 | 0.981 | 0.951 | 1.012 |
NO2 | 10 ppb | 1.002 | 0.667 | 1.506 | 0.880 | 0.363 | 2.134 | 1.057 | 0.686 | 1.628 | 0.581* | 0.381 | 0.887 | 0.849 | 0.678 | 1.063 |
Ozone | 10 ppb | 1.207* | 1.000 | 1.457 | 1.086 | 0.895 | 1.318 | 0.940 | 0.727 | 1.216 | 1.562* | 1.124 | 2.170 | 1.163* | 1.046 | 1.293 |
Associations are shown as ORs and their 95% CIs per unit increment of each pollutant. Adjusted for daily/3-day mean atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed and hours of daylight.
*p<0.05.
NO2, nitrogen dioxide; OBC, optical black carbon; PCV, primary care visit; PM, particulate matter.