Course in the hospital and in-hospital and 1-year outcome (stroke/TIA vs no stroke/TIA)
| Variable | No stroke/TIA N=4601 (91.9%) | Stroke/TIA N=404 (8.1%) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Precipitating factors for HF | |||
| Medications non-compliance (%) | 878 (19.1) | 86 (21.3) | 0.28 |
| Non-compliance with diet (%) | 129 (2.8) | 7 (1.7) | 0.20 |
| Salt retaining drugs (%) | 26 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.13 |
| Acute coronary syndrome (%) | 1259 (27.4) | 106 (26.2) | 0.63 |
| Uncontrolled hypertension (%) | 374 (8.1) | 36 (8.9) | 0.58 |
| Uncontrolled arrhythmia (%) | 271 (5.9) | 30 (7.4) | 0.21 |
| Anaemia (%) | 138 (3) | 16 (4) | 0.28 |
| Infection (%) | 667 (14.5) | 641 (15.8) | 0.46 |
| Unknown (%) | 651 (14.1) | 35 (8.7) | 0.002 |
| Worsening of renal failure | 197 (4.3) | 24 (5.9) | 0.12 |
| NIV | 411 (8.9) | 62 (15.3) | 0.001 |
| Intubation/ventilation | 374 (8.1) | 50 (12.4) | 0.003 |
| Inotropes | 695 (15.1) | 88 (21.8) | 0.001 |
| IABP | 76 (1.7) | 6 (1.5) | 0.80 |
| Acute dialysis/ultrafiltration | 117 (2.5) | 18 (4.5) | 0.02 |
| VT/VF requiring therapy (%) | 202 (4. 4) | 20 (5.0) | 0.60 |
| AF requiring therapy (%) | 265 (5.8) | 46 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Major bleeding (%) | 37 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 0.90 |
| Blood transfusion (%) | 217 (4.7) | 37 (9.2) | 0.001 |
| In-hospital new stroke (%) | 46 (1) | 22 (5.4) | 0.001 |
| Systemic infection requiring antibiotics (%) | 1067 (23.2) | 141 (34.9) | 0.001 |
| HHD | 725 (15.8) | 77 (19.1) | 0.08 |
| IHD | 2424 (42.7) | 239 (59.2) | 0.01 |
| Primary VHD | 432 (9.4) | 29 (7.2) | 0.14 |
| Viral myocarditis (%) | 17 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.22 |
| Cardiomyopathy (total) | 862 (18.7) | 53 (13.1) | 0.005 |
| CM subtype | |||
| HCM | 19 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 0.34 |
| Infiltrative CM | 12 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0.96 |
| Toxic CM | 36 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 0.93 |
| Pregnancy-related CM | 63 (1.4) | 2 (0.5) | 0.14 |
| Thyroid disease-related CM | 10 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.35 |
| Familial CM | 9 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.37 |
| Tachycardia-induced CM | 30 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 0.32 |
| Idiopathic DCM | 605 (13.1) | 37 (9.2) | 0.02 |
| Discharge home | 4104 (89.2) | 350 (86.6) | 0.30 |
| Transfer to another hospital | 80 (1.7) | 8 (2.0) | 0.30 |
| Death | 279 (6.1) | 34 (8.4) | 0.06 |
| Hospital stay (days) (mean±SD) | 9±13 | 11±14 | 0.03 |
| Alive (yes) | 3532 (76.8) | 272 (67.3) | 0.001 |
| HF rehospitalisation (yes) (%) | 989 (28) | 86 (31.6) | 0.20 |
| Cardiac intervention needed | |||
| ICD | 33 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 0.27 |
| CRTD/P | 12 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 0.33 |
| PCI/CABG | 358 (10.1) | 22 (8.1) | 0.28 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CRTD, cardiac resynchronisation therapy, defibrillator; CRT, Cardiac resynchronization therapy; CM, cardiomyopathy; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HHD, hypertensive heart disease; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump insertion; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VHD, valvular heart disease; VT, ventricular tachycardia.