Total sample | Males | Females | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Number of people (%) or mean (SD) | Number of people (%) or mean (SD) | Number of people (%) or mean (SD) | χ2/F |
Residential area | ||||
Taipei | 2052 (51.66) | 1010 (50.53) | 1042 (52.81) | 2.08 |
Hsinchu county | 1920 (48.34) | 989 (49.47) | 931 (47.19) | |
Parental marital status | ||||
Married, living together | 3650 (91.89) | 1847 (92.40) | 1803 (91.38) | 1.37 |
Other | 322 (8.11) | 152 (7.60) | 170 (8.62) | |
Paternal education level | ||||
Middle school or lower | 589 (14.83) | 305 (15.26) | 284 (14.39) | 2.84 |
High school | 1407 (35.42) | 683 (34.17) | 724 (36.70) | |
College or higher | 1976 (49.75) | 1011 (50.58) | 965 (48.91) | |
Maternal education level | ||||
Middle school or lower | 571 (14.38) | 292 (14.61) | 279 (14.14) | 5.94 |
High school | 1797 (45.24) | 867 (43.37) | 930 (47.14) | |
College or higher | 1604 (40.38) | 840 (42.02) | 764 (38.12) | |
Parenting behaviour | ||||
Degree of emotional support (6–24 points) | 17.06 (4.81) | 16.74 (4.81) | 17.38 (4.78) | 17.56*** |
Degree of behavioural supervision (4–16 points) | 13.37 (2.89) | 13.21 (2.96) | 13.52 (2.81) | 12.29** |
Positive alcohol expectancies (5–20 points) | 9.72 (3.26) | 13.04 (3.98) | 14.13 (3.34) | 8.16** |
Negative alcohol expectancies (5–20 points) | 13.58 (3.72) | 20.99 (5.68) | 21.50 (4.75) | 88.48*** |
Alcohol refusal efficacy (5–25 points) | 21.25 (5.24) | 1.84 (0.87) | 1.77 (0.82) | 9.31** |
Peer alcohol use (2–10 points) | 1.82 (0.85) | 1.84 (0.87) | 1.77 (0.82) | 7.38** |
Alcohol use peer pressure (2–12 points) | 1.23 (0.75) | 9.87 (3.47) | 9.57 (3.02) | 6.03* |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.