Prevalence of hypertension and related variables according to sex and age groups in Ladakh region
| Age group (years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20–39 | 40–59 | 60–74 | 75– | p† | All | |
| Male (n) | 217 | 489 | 396 | 138 | 1240 | |
| Female (n) | 288 | 709 | 448 | 115 | 1560 | |
| All (n) | 505 | 1198 | 844 | 253 | 2800 | |
| Hypertension (%) | ||||||
| Male | 18.4 (13.2–23.6) | 34.2 (30.0–38.4) | 48.2 (43.3–53.1) | 63.8 (55.8–71.8) | <0.0001 | 39.2 (36.5–41.9)* |
| Female | 12.5 (8.7–16.3) | 29.9 (26.5–33.3) | 50.4 (45.8–55.0) | 67.0 (58.4–75.6) | <0.0001 | 35.3 (32.9–37.7) |
| All | 15.1 (12.0–18.2) | 31.6 (29.0–34.2) | 49.4 (46.0–52.8) | 65.2 (59.3–71.1) | <0.0001 | 37.0 (35.2–38.8) |
| SBP (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Male | 122.2±14.3**** | 127.7±18.0* | 138.9±22.6 | 149.0±26.1 | <0.0001 | 132.7±21.7*** |
| Female | 116.0±14.2 | 125.3±19.5 | 138.8±25.5 | 153.7±32.8 | <0.0001 | 129.5±24.2 |
| All | 118.7±14.5 | 126.3±18.9 | 138.8±24.2 | 151.1±29.4 | <0.0001 | 130.9±23.2 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Male | 78.5±11.4 | 83.4±12.5*** | 85.2±12.8 | 87.5±14.2 | <0.0001 | 83.6±12.9*** |
| Female | 76.4±11.9 | 80.9±12.0 | 84.5±14.9 | 88.4±17.3 | <0.0001 | 81.7±13.7 |
| All | 77.3±11.7 | 81.9±12.3 | 84.9±14.0 | 87.9±15.7 | <0.0001 | 82.5±13.4 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Male | 22.4±3.2*** | 23.3±3.6* | 23.2±3.4**** | 22.4±3.4 | 0.0017 | 23.0±3.5**** |
| Female | 21.4±3.3 | 22.8±3.7 | 22.1±3.7 | 22.1±3.7 | <0.0001 | 22.3±3.7 |
| All | 21.8±3.3 | 23.0±3.7 | 22.6±3.6 | 22.3±3.5 | <0.0001 | 22.6±3.6 |
| BMI ≥25 (%) | ||||||
| Male | 22.6 (17.0–28.2)* | 31.7 (27.6–35.8)* | 28.4 (24.0–32.8)** | 19.6 (13.0–26.2) | 0.0098 | 27.7 (25.2–30.2)*** |
| Female | 14.6 (10.5–18.7) | 26.2 (23.0–29.4) | 19.5 (15.8–23.2) | 20.9 (13.5–28.3) | 0.0003 | 21.8 (19.8–23.8) |
| All | 18.0 (14.6–21.4) | 28.5 (25.9–31.1) | 23.6 (20.7–26.5) | 20.2 (15.3–25.1) | <0.0001 | 24.4 (22.8–26.0) |
| SpO2 (%) | ||||||
| Male | 90.8±4.4* | 90.4±4.6 | 89.1±5.3** | 89.0±5.4** | <0.0001 | 89.9±5.0 |
| Female | 91.6±3.6 | 90.3±4.8 | 87.7±6.4 | 86.6±6.5 | <0.0001 | 89.5±5.0 |
| All | 91.2±4.0 | 90.4±4.7 | 88.3±5.9 | 87.9±6.0 | <0.0001 | 89.7±5.2 |
| SpO2 <89 (%) | ||||||
| Male | 25.7 (19.9–31.5)* | 29.0 (25.0–33.0) | 37.1 (32.3–41.9)** | 39.4 (31.2–47.6)* | 0.0029 | 32.2 (29.6–34.8) |
| Female | 17.7 (13.3–22.1) | 27.2 (23.9–30.5) | 46.3 (41.7–50.9) | 52.2 (43.1–61.3) | <0.0001 | 32.8 (30.5–35.1) |
| All | 21.1 (17.5–24.7) | 27.9 (25.4–30.4) | 42.0 (38.7–45.3) | 45.2 (36.1–54.3) | <0.0001 | 32.5 (30.8–34.2) |
p†; χ2 Test for the comparison of the prevalence of hypertension and BMI ≥25 (%) among the 4 age groups, and ANOVA for the comparison of mean of SBP, DBP, BMI and SpO2 among the 4 age groups in the whole population (n=2800).
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001: χ2 test for the comparison of the prevalence of hypertension and BMI ≥25 (%) and SpO2 <89 (%) between men and women, and Student's t test for the comparison of mean of SBP, DBP, BMI and SpO2 between men and women in each age group.
ANOVA, analysis of variance;BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SpO2, oxyhaemoglobin saturation measured by a pulse oximeter.