Association between BMI and limitations in activities of daily living adjusting for chronic conditions
| COURAGE survey | SAGE survey | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Finland | Poland | Spain | China | Ghana | India | Mexico | Russia | South Africa |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| 18.5–24.9 (normal weight) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25.0–29.9 (overweight) | 1.08 | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 2.46* | 1.03 | 0.53 |
| (0.44–2.62) | (0.56–1.28) | (0.45–1.16) | (0.57–1.50) | (0.62–1.52) | (0.61–1.48) | (1.08–5.60) | (0.65–1.62) | (0.25–1.11) | |
| 30.0–34.9 (obesity class I+) | 1.31 | 1.18 | 1.01 | 0.43 | 1.37 | 1.75 | 1.27 | 1.22 | 0.85 |
| (0.32–5.34) | (0.73–1.91) | (0.60–1.68) | (0.18–1.02) | (0.73–2.55) | (0.89–3.43) | (0.58–2.75) | (0.70–2.12) | (0.32–2.30) | |
| ≥35.0 (obesity class II) | 3.29* | 1.54 | 1.75* | 0.81 | 1.41 | 1.84 | 2.33 | 1.17 | 1.64 |
| (1.12–9.69) | (0.87–2.74) | (1.03–2.98) | (0.09–7.67) | (0.74–2.71) | (0.69–4.91) | (0.45–12.05) | (0.55–2.46) | (0.81–3.31) | |
| Chronic conditions | |||||||||
| Angina | 2.96** | 2.50*** | 1.84* | 0.89 | 0.96 | 1.94 | 0.38 | 1.01 | 1.22 |
| (1.47–5.94) | (1.61–3.89) | (1.08–3.12) | (0.53–1.49) | (0.50–1.85) | (0.87–4.36) | (0.05–2.94) | (0.60–1.72) | (0.44–3.35) | |
| Arthritis | 1.64 | 3.18*** | 2.78*** | 1.18 | 1.53 | 2.31*** | 2.45* | 2.72** | 2.82*** |
| (0.80–3.34) | (2.29–4.42) | (1.93–4.02) | (0.82–1.70) | (0.87–2.72) | (1.68–3.18) | (1.21–4.96) | (1.48–5.00) | (1.58–5.01) | |
| Diabetes | 1.70 | 1.34 | 1.78* | 1.97* | 1.71 | 0.74 | 1.74 | 3.06** | 1.38 |
| (0.89–3.27) | (0.93–1.95) | (1.12–2.81) | (1.09–3.57) | (0.92–3.17) | (0.45–1.22) | (0.87–3.46) | (1.53–6.12) | (0.68–2.77) | |
| Hypertension | 1.04 | 1.56* | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.57* | 1.68** | 1.32 | 1.20 | 1.35 |
| (0.54–2.00) | (1.10–2.23) | (0.89–1.83) | (0.90–1.80) | (1.02–2.40) | (1.21–2.34) | (0.75–2.30) | (0.74–1.94) | (0.74–2.45) | |
| Stroke | 4.38** | 2.62** | 1.07 | 7.17*** | 3.13** | 3.18** | 4.47** | 3.03** | 2.23 |
| (1.62–11.79) | (1.29–5.31) | (0.50–2.30) | (4.13–12.42) | (1.55–6.31) | (1.46–6.94) | (1.51–13.21) | (1.39–6.62) | (0.92–5.40) | |
Data are adjusted OR (95% CIs). Country-wise regression models are adjusted for all covariates in the table in addition to age, sex, education, marital status, wealth, and smoking status.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. BMI, body mass index; COURAGE, Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe; SAGE, WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health.