Multivariate analyses predicting perceived harm measures with perceived valence of exposure from ads, other media and interpersonal discussion (N=1449)
| Independent variables | Breathing vapour is harmful to health | Concern about health impact of vapour | Breathing vapour is more harmful compared with breathing smoke |
|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Valence of ad exposure (referent is no exposure) | |||
| Negative | 0.931** (0.261 to 1.601) | 0.856** (0.205 to 1.506) | 0.501* (0.031 to 0.972) |
| Mixed | 0.010 (−0.373 to 0.393) | 0.021 (−0.382 to 0.424) | −0.008 (−0.171 to 0.155) |
| Positive | −0.127 (−0.447 to 0.193) | −0.209 (−0.529 to 0.111) | −0.098 (−0.231 to 0.036) |
| Valence of other media exposure (referent is no exposure) | |||
| Negative | 0.515 (−0.171 to 1.202) | 0.952*** (0.393 to 1.511) | 0.030 (−0.294 to 0.354) |
| Mixed | 0.067 (−0.252 to 0.386) | 0.005 (−0.332 to 0.343) | 0.001 (−0.138 to 0.140) |
| Positive | −0.144 (−0.444 to 0.155) | −0.228 (−0.548 to 0.092) | −0.099 (−0.223 to 0.024) |
| Valence of interpersonal discussion (referent is no exposure) | |||
| Negative | 1.704*** (0.838 to 2.569) | 1.895*** (1.080 to 2.710) | 0.731*** (0.328 to 1.134) |
| Mixed | −0.221 (−0.634 to 0.191) | 0.055 (−0.414 to 0.523) | −0.122 (−0.320 to 0.075) |
| Positive | −0.674*** (−1.044 to −0.303) | −0.673** (−1.076 to −0.270) | −0.414*** (−0.570 to −0.259) |
| Age (years) | 0.007 (−0.001 to 0.015) | 0.011** (0.003 to 0.019) | 0.001 (−0.002 to 0.004) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 0.159 (−0.071 to 0.388) | 0.231 (−0.007 to 0.470) | 0.013 (−0.090 to 0.117) |
| Race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Caucasian is referent) | |||
| African-American | 0.272 (−0.174 to 0.717) | 0.274 (−0.194 to 0.743) | 0.222* (0.035 to 0.409) |
| Hispanic | 0.291 (−0.097 to 0.680) | 0.339 (−0.051 to 0.729) | 0.188* (0.000 to 0.377) |
| Other | 0.252 (−0.233 to 0.737) | 0.219 (−0.280 to 0.717) | 0.317* (0.072 to 0.562) |
| Education (high school or below is referent) | |||
| Some college | −0.043 (−0.334 to 0.248) | −0.137 (−0.438 to 0.164) | −0.066 (−0.194 to 0.062) |
| College graduate or higher | 0.235 (−0.070 to 0.540) | 0.229 (−0.084 to 0.543) | 0.035 (−0.091 to 0.160) |
| Annual household income (<$25 000 is referent) | |||
| $25 000–$49 999 | 0.107 (−0.288 to 0.502) | 0.031 (−0.378 to 0.440) | −0.042 (−0.213 to 0.129) |
| ≥$50 000 | 0.211 (−0.161 to 0.583) | 0.172 (−0.210 to 0.555) | −0.054 (−0.220 to 0.112) |
| Health status | 0.025 (−0.103 to 0.153) | 0.049 (−0.087 to 0.184) | −0.014 (−0.074 to 0.046) |
| Smoking status (non-smoker is referent) | |||
| Former | −0.424** (−0.702 to −0.146) | −0.297* (−0.586 to −0.008) | −0.079 (−0.191 to 0.033) |
| Current | −0.957*** (−1.356 to −0.557) | −0.842*** (−1.258 to −0.425) | −0.061 (−0.240 to 0.119) |
| Tried e-cigarettes at least once (never is referent) | |||
| Yes but not in the past 30 days | −0.591* (−1.045 to −0.136) | −0.906*** (−1.368 to −0.444) | −0.277* (−0.495 to −0.059) |
| Yes in the past 30 days | −0.690** (−1.208 to −0.172) | −0.873** (−1.449 to −0.298) | −0.367* (−0.648 to −0.087) |
| Observed others vaping | −0.104 (−0.409 to 0.202) | −0.044 (−0.366 to 0.277) | −0.024 (−0.183 to 0.135) |
| Constant | 3.416 | 3.343 | 2.228 |
| R2 | 0.163 | 0.181 | 0.139 |
Cell entries are unstandardised coefficients from multivariate regressions adjusting for all variables in the table. Self-reported exposure measures are frequency of exposure on scale with a maximum value of 4.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.0005.