Definition of Frailty Components, adapted from Cardiovascular Health Study Criteria3
| Characteristic | Criteria |
|---|---|
| Weight loss/shrinking | Self-report of ≥4.5 kg lost unintentionally in the previous 12 months or loss of ≥5% of weight in the prior year by direct measurement of weight |
| Weakness | Lowest 20% in grip strength, measured using a dynamometer (Saehen Dynamometer, model SH5001). Best of three attempts used. Men scoring 30 kg or less, women scoring 18 kg or less meet the criteria |
| Exhaustion | Answering ‘a moderate amount’ or ‘most of the time’ to either of the 2 questions from the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) indicated exhaustion: “How often did you feel that everything you did was an effort in the last week?” or “How often did you feel that you could not get going in the last week?” |
| Slowness | Time to walk 4 m, with or without a walking aid, equals 6 s or more |
| Low activity | In the past 3 months, weight bearing physical activity was not performed, more than 4 h per day were spent sitting, and went for a short walk once per month or less |