The HR of CKD in patients with schizophrenia in relation to antipsychotics use during the 3-year follow-up period
| Variable | Number of patients | Mean years use | Number of CKD | Incidence rate* | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TA | 1299 | 0.73 | 86 | 22.10 | 0.67 (0.47 to 0.94) | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.92) |
| Not used | 694 | – | 77 | 37.59 | 1 | 1 |
| Amisulpride (days) | 243 | 0.48 | 16 | 10.90 | – | – |
| Not used | 1750 | – | 147 | 23.69 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 123 | 0.09 | 8 | 21.54 | 0.35 (0.08 to 1.45) | 0.35 (0.08 to 1.45) |
| ≥90 | 120 | 0.87 | 8 | 22.06 | 0.54 (0.17 to 1.73) | 0.55 (0.18 to 1.75) |
| Aripiprazole (days) | 174 | 0.44 | 7 | 6.73 | – | – |
| Not used | 1819 | – | 160 | 24.30 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 101 | 0.08 | 4 | 13.37 | 0.67 (0.21 to 2.12) | 0.68 (0.22 to 2.15) |
| ≥90 | 73 | 0.92 | 3 | 13.64 | 0.31 (0.04 to 2.19) | 0.33 (0.04 to 2.33) |
| Clozapine (days) | 88 | 0.68 | 3 | 5.69 | – | – |
| Not used | 1905 | – | 160 | 23.97 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 39 | 0.09 | 2 | 17.28 | 0.59 (0.08 to 4.23) | 0.58 (0.08 to 4.13) |
| ≥90 | 49 | 1.16 | 1 | 6.76 | 0 | 0 |
| Olanzapine (days) | 386 | 0.53 | 15 | 6.50 | – | – |
| Not used | 1607 | – | 148 | 25.58 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 198 | 0.08 | 9 | 15.26 | 0.53 (0.22 to 1.32) | 0.54 (0.22 to 1.33) |
| ≥90 | 188 | 0.99 | 6 | 10.65 | 0.33 (0.10 to 1.06) | 0.35 (0.11 to 1.11) |
| Quetiapine (days) | 454 | 0.58 | 43 | 15.76 | – | – |
| Not used | 1539 | – | 120 | 21.53 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 240 | 0.08 | 24 | 33.55 | 1.43 (0.81 to 2.53) | 1.41 (0.80 to 2.51) |
| ≥90 | 214 | 1.13 | 19 | 29.33 | 0.90 (0.43 to 1.87) | 0.83 (0.40 to 1.74) |
| Risperidone (days) | 1066 | 0.60 | 64 | 10.66 | – | – |
| Not used | 927 | – | 99 | 25.17 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 476 | 0.09 | 32 | 22.70 | 0.93 (0.56 to 1.52) | 0.94 (0.57 to 1.53) |
| ≥90 | 530 | 1.12 | 32 | 20.07 | 0.59 (0.34 to 1.03) | 0.59 (0.34 to 1.05) |
| Zotepine (days) | 232 | 0.43 | 18 | 13.04 | – | – |
| Not used | 1761 | – | 145 | 23.20 | 1 | 1 |
| <90 | 144 | 0.08 | 9 | 21.06 | 0.98 (0.43 to 2.25) | 1.02 (0.44 to 2.34) |
| ≥90 | 88 | 1.00 | 9 | 34.28 | 1.08 (0.40 to 2.93) | 1.00 (0.36 to 2.72) |
345 patients did not use any antipsychotic.
*Incidence rate: per 1000 person-years
†Each variable was adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and heart disease.
‡p<0.05 for comparison between patients with two groups.
TA, typical antipsychotics.