Baseline characteristics of OAC cases and HGD cases in the UK and the Netherlands
| The UK | The Netherlands HGD–OAC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OAC case N (%) | Control N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | HGD–OAC Case N (%) | HGD–OAC control N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Total | 40 (100) | 656 (100) | 17 (100) | 753 (100) | ||||
| OAC | 5 (29.4) | |||||||
| HGD | 12 (70.6) | |||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 33 (82.5) | 597 (91) | 11 (65) | 524 (70) | ||||
| Female | 7 (17.5) | 59 (9) | 6 (35) | 229 (30) | ||||
| Mean age at index date (SD) | 71.2 (10.4) | 70.2 (9.0) | 68.8 (8.2) | 66.4 (8.8) | ||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| <50 | 1 (2.5) | 14 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 17 (2.3) | ||||
| 51–65 | 8 (20) | 149 (23) | 6 (35) | 338 (45) | ||||
| 66–80 | 25 (62.5) | 434 (66) | 10 (59) | 364 (48) | ||||
| >80 | 6 (15) | 59 (9) | 1 (5.9) | 34 (4.5) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 27.7 (4.1) | 26.9 (4) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.1) | 0.210 | 28.9 (6.8) | 26.4 (7.4) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 0.500 |
| BMI categories | ||||||||
| 18–25 | 10 (25) | 202 (31) | 1 (5.9) | 85 (11) | ||||
| <18 | 0 (0) | 7 (1.1) | – | 0.989 | 0 (0) | 22 (2.9) | – | 0.997 |
| >25–30 | 19 (47.5) | 269 (41) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.3) | 0.329 | 2 (12) | 156 (21) | 1.3 (0.1 to 14.7) | 0.995 |
| >30–35 | 7 (17.5) | 89 (14) | 1.8 (0.7 to 5.0) | 0.246 | 0 (0) | 73 (9.7) | – | 0.995 |
| >35 | 1 (2.5) | 31 (4.7) | 0.8 (0.1 to 7.0) | 0.866 | 1 (5.9) | 14 (1.9) | 6.1 (0.3 to 112.1) | 0.993 |
| Missing | 3 (7.5) | 58 (8.8) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.8) | 0.992 | 13 (76) | 403 (54) | 2.0 (0.3 to 16.5) | 0.994 |
| Oesophagitis at BO diagnosis | ||||||||
| No | 39 (97.5) | 629 (95.9) | 14 (82) | 525 (70) | ||||
| Yes | 1 (2.5) | 27 (4.1) | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.7) | 0.633 | 3 (18) | 228 (30) | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.8) | 0.299 |
| Gastritis at BO diagnosis | ||||||||
| No | 38 (95) | 621 (94.7) | 13 (76) | 582 (77) | ||||
| Yes | 2 (5) | 35 (5.3) | 1.2 (0.3 to 5.2) | 0.808 | 4 (24) | 171 (23) | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.9) | 0.516 |
| Hiatal Hernia at BO diagnosis | ||||||||
| No | 33 (82.5) | 579 (88.3) | 8 (47) | 268 (36) | ||||
| Yes | 7 (17.5) | 77 (11.7) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.0) | 0.259 | 9 (53) | 485 (64) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.0) | 0.487 |
| Excessive alcohol use | ||||||||
| Never | 17 (42.5) | 370 (56) | Ref | 17 (100) | 713 (94.7) | – | 0.991 | |
| Current | 22 (55) | 276 (42) | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) | 0.048 | (0) | 40 (5.3) | ||
| Past | 1 (2.5) | 10 (1.5) | 2.8 (0.3 to 23.4) | 0.345 | ||||
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Never | 14 (35) | 322 (49) | Ref | 9 (53) | 380 (50.5) | Ref | ||
| Current | 9 (22.5) | 70 (11) | 3.3 (1.4 to 8.0) | 0.009 | 8 (47) | 373 (49.5) | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.5) | 0.443 |
| Past | 17 (42.5) | 264 (40) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.7) | 0.155 | ||||
| Index year | ||||||||
| 1998 | 1 (2.5) | 7 (1.1) | 1 (5.9) | 5 (0.7) | ||||
| 2000 | 1 (2.5) | 12 (1.8) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (0.5) | ||||
| 2001 | 3 (7.5) | 24 (3.7) | 1 (5.9) | 7 (0.9) | ||||
| 2002 | 2 (5) | 10 (1.5) | 2 (12) | 9 (1.2) | ||||
| 2003 | 2 (5) | 15 (2.3) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (0.4) | ||||
| 2004 | 4 (10) | 94 (14) | ||||||
| 2005 | 7 (17.5) | 128 (20) | ||||||
| 2006 | 1 (2.5) | 20 (3) | ||||||
| 2007 | 2 (5) | 30 (4.6) | 1 (5.9) | 22 (2.9) | ||||
| 2008 | 6 (15) | 107 (16) | 1 (5.9) | 66 (8.8) | ||||
| 2009 | 4 (10) | 72 (11) | 1 (5.9) | 49 (6.5) | ||||
| 2010 | 4 (10) | 85 (13) | 2 (12) | 163 (22) | ||||
| 2011 | 3 (7.5) | 52 (7.9) | 5 (29.4) | 374 (50) | ||||
| 2012 | 1 (5.9) | 51 (6.8) | ||||||
| Helicobacter pylori infection | ||||||||
| No | 40 (100) | 603 (91.9) | – | – | 17 (100) | 714 (94.8) | – | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 53 (8.1) | 0 (0) | 39 (5.2) | ||||
BMI, body mass index; BO, Barrett's oesophagus; HGD, high-grade dysplasia; OAC, oesophageal adenocarcinoma.