Effect of NEMP on drug expenditures stratified by inpatient and outpatient care
| Variable | Outpatient drug expenditures | Inpatient drug expenditures | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | FE | OLS | FE | |||||
| NEMP | −0.091 (0.383) | −0.519** (0.168) | −0.137 (0.290) | −0.485** (0.096) | ||||
| After | −0.007 (0.017) | −0.194** (0.034) | −0.007 (0.017) | −0.037 (0.104) | 0.183** (0.038) | 0.014 (0.044) | 0.185** (0.036) | 0.200* (0.084) |
| NEMP×After | −0.108 (0.065) | −0.119 (0.058) | −0.108 (0.064) | −0.123 (0.062) | −0.258** (0.069) | −0.266** (0.067) | −0.255** (0.067) | −0.258** (0.064) |
| Certified doctors | 0.016* (0.006) | −0.009 (0.004) | 0.007 (0.005) | −0.002 (0.004) | ||||
| Beds | −0.007* (0.003) | 0.000 (0.004) | 0.000 (0.002) | 0.003 (0.003) | ||||
| Log GDP | 1.003** (0.124) | 0.217 (0.553) | 0.827** (0.059) | −0.090 (0.297) | ||||
| Intercept | 3.271** (0.206) | −6.657** (1.215) | 3.238** (0.012) | 1.172 (5.539) | 6.451** (0.168) | −1.830** (0.552) | 6.400** (0.015) | 7.239* (2.963) |
| R2 | 0.011 | 0.494 | 0.023 | 0.034 | 0.056 | 0.553 | 0.115 | 0.118 |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.
Robust SEs in parentheses.
FE, fixed-effects; GDP, gross domestic product; NEMP, National Essential Medicines Policy; OLS, ordinary least squares.