A summary of the barriers to smoking cessation—reported prevalence of each barrier by vulnerable group for studies using quantitative and mixed methods*,†
| Reported prevalence of each barrier N/total N (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barrier | Low SES groups (n=2) | Indigenous groups (n=1) | People with a mental illness (n=5) | Homeless groups (n=2) | Prisoner groups (n=1) |
| Individual and lifestyle factors | |||||
| Stress management | 63/130 (48)79 | 30/78 (39)104 | 82/186 (44)107 | ||
| Relaxation | 261/500 (52) (60) | 22/130 (17)79 | 13/30 (42) 100 7/72 (10)88 | ||
| Enjoyment | 33/130 (25)79 | 34/72 (47)88 21/105 (20)90 30/78 (39)104 | |||
| Addiction | 431/500 (86)60 | 51/130 (39)79 | 56 (53)90 10/30 (33)100 | 93/186 (50)107 | |
| Cravings | 53/78 (68)104 47/96 (48)101 | ||||
| Withdrawal symptoms | 85/96 (87)101 | ||||
| Habit | 411/500 (82)60 | 95/130 (73)79 | 26/72 (36)88 20/105 (19)90 17/30 (58)100 | ||
| Perceived mental health benefits | 6–30/130 (5–23)79 | 21/105 (20)90 7–8/72 (10–11)88 41/78 (53)104 41–76/96 (42–78)101 | |||
| Concentration | 27–56/96 (28–55)101 | ||||
| Low levels of motivation | 131/350 (38)70 | 46/96 (47)101 | |||
| Weight gain | 69/350 (20)70 | 6/130 (5)79 | 3/72 (4)88 39/96 (40)101 | 38/186 (20)107 | |
| Other substance use | 3/72 (4)88 2–8/78 (3–10)104 13–40/96 (13–41)101 | ||||
| Problems getting to sleep | 23/96 (23)101 | ||||
| Low confidence and perceived difficulty | 87–202/350 (25–58)70 | 22/78 (24)104 | 25/34 (74)109 | ||
| Social and community networks | |||||
| High prevalence and acceptability in the community | 332/500 (66)60 116/350 (33)70 | 5/130 (12)79 | 13/105 (13)90 5/72 (7)88 34/78 (43)104 | 78/186 (42)107 | 27/34 (79)109 |
| Lack of social support | 90/350 (26)70 | 48/186 (26)107 70–79/98 (71–79)106 | 10/34 (29)109 | ||
| Lack of health and other professional support | 3/72 (4)88 | 19/34 (56)109 | |||
| Social activity | 44/130 (34)79 | 17/30 (58)100 2/72 (3)88 | |||
| Availability of cigarettes | 5/130 (4)79 | 8/105 (8)90 5/72 (7)88 | |||
| Living and working conditions | |||||
| Access to quit resources | 108/350 (31)70 | 9/34 (27)109 | |||
| Boredom | 242/500 (48)60 | 38/130 (29)79 | 9/72 (13)88 13/105 (13)90 | ||
| Stressful factors | 4/72 (6)88 | ||||
| Living environments | 20 (59)109 | ||||
*Decimals rounded to nearest whole number where appropriate.
†Numerators/denominators are presented first, followed by proportion (in parentheses), followed by reference.
SES, socioeconomic status.