Interactive associations between type of delivery facility, maternal education, and caesarean delivery, by location
| Bangladesh (rural) | India (rural) | India (urban) | Nepal (rural)* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n) | AOR, 95% CI | (n) | AOR, 95% CI | (n) | AOR, 95% CI | (unweighted n) | AOR, 95% CI | |
| Public facility—no maternal education (ref) | 202 | – | 109 | – | 1396 | – | 822 | – |
| Public facility—primary education | 448 | 1.07 (0.76 to 1.50) | 17 | 0.92 (0.18 to 4.77) | 357 | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.27) | 196 | 1.04 (0.65 to 1.65) |
| Public facility—secondary education | 202 | 1.63 (1.18 to 2.24) | 604 | 1.09 (0.52 to 2.26) | 920 | 1.1 (0.91 to 1.33) | 413 | 1.45 (1.04 to 2.02) |
| Public facility—bachelor degree | 448 | 4.58 (2.24 to 9.38) | 100 | 1.55 (0.41 to 5.89) | 180 | 1.06 (0.76 to 1.47) | – | – |
| Private facility—no education | 332 | 7.24 (4.82 to 10.87) | 109 | 0.46 (0.21 to 1.01) | 1396 | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.19) | 100 | 2.83 (1.73 to 4.61) |
| Private facility—primary education | 578 | 7.58 (5.36 to 10.71) | 17 | 0.47 (0.14 to 1.58) | 357 | 1.52 (0.99 to 2.33) | 16 | 0.86 (0.14 to 5.21) |
| Private facility—secondary education | 1102 | 9.03 (6.57 to 12.41) | 274 | 0.52 (0.24 to 1.12) | 3382 | 1.3 (1.06 to 1.60) | 39 | 3.01 (1.71 to 5.30) |
| Private facility—bachelor degree | 41 | 11.24 (6.37 to 19.85) | 21 | 0.4 (0.08 to 2.00) | 354 | 2.1 (1.61 to 2.75) | – | – |
| N | 3353 | 1251 | 8342 | 1586 | ||||
| p Value† | 0.021 | 0.792 | 0.001 | 0.394 | ||||
All results adjusted for number of antenatal care visits, parity, medical indication for caesarean, multiple birth, maternal age (10-year group), household assets, stratum and cluster (random effect).
*Nepal numbers weighted using women’s probability of selection within each cluster, scaled to total number of institutional births.
†p Value from −2 log-likelihood test comparing nested models with and without interaction terms.
AOR, adjusted OR.