Characteristics of studies and populations
| Study (country) | Bangladesh (rural) | India (rural) | Nepal (rural) | India (urban) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Three districts: Bogra, Maulvibazaar and Faridpur | Three districts of Jharkhand and Odisha: Keonjhar, West Singhbhum and Saraikela | Dhanusha district (Terai) | Mumbai slums |
| Period | 2005–2011 | 2005–2008 | 2008–2011 | 2006–2009 |
| Estimated population | 532 900 | 114 000 | 240 000 | 283 000 |
| Cluster characteristics | Villages making up a union | 8–10 villages with residents classified as Scheduled Tribe or Other Backward Class | Village Development Committee | Slum areas in six municipal wards of Mumbai |
| Method of cluster identification | Purposive sampling of three districts and clusters within districts | Purposive sampling of three districts and clusters within districts | Random sampling of 60 clusters from a list of 79 suitable clusters in one district | 92 clusters in six municipal wards identified using municipal documents, surveys, discussions with key informants, and site visits. Random selection of 48 clusters for randomised allocation |
| Clusters, n | 9 | 18 | 30 | 24 |
| Cluster and individual follow-up | All clusters followed up Interviews completed after 82% of identified births in control areas in Phase 1, and 99% of births in Phase 2 | All clusters followed up Interviews completed after 98% of identified births | All clusters followed up | All clusters followed up Interviews completed after 83% of identified births |
| Maternal mortality ratio | 254.3 | 668.1 | Unknown | 206.2 |
| Health facilities available in control areas | Public facilities: District Hospitals; Maternal and Child Welfare Centres; Upazilla Health Complexes. Private facilities: small-to-medium size clinics; BRAC (NGO) facilities where deliveries do not take place; larger private hospitals with and without CEmOC facilities | Public facilities: District Hospitals; PHCs in which deliveries can notionally take place but that are not usually equipped for CEmOC; CHCs acting as referral centres for PHCs, covering a population of around 80 000 with EmOC facilities; district hospitals. Private and charitable facilities: medium-sized missionary hospitals with EmOC facilities | Public facilities: three Primary Health Care Centres, three Health Posts and 24 Sub-Health Posts, none of which are equipped for CEmOC. These health facilities refer to the public Zonal Tertiary Hospital and various private providers in the district headquarters and nearby medical college, which have facilities for caesarean sections | Public facilities: municipal tertiary hospitals, general hospitals and maternity homes. Private facilities: specialty hospitals, general hospitals and maternity homes |
BRAC, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee; CEmOC, comprehensive emergency obstetric care; CHC, Community Health Centre; NGO, non-governmental organisation; PHC, Primary Health Centre.