Sociodemographic features | Overall sample, n=436 | Urban sites, n=215 | Rural sites, n=221 | p Values |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (%) | ||||
Women | 50.7 | 50.2 | 51.1 | |
Age (years) | ||||
Median (IQR)† | 45 (29–55) | 45 (28–57) | 45 (29–52) | |
Household size (number of persons) | ||||
Median (IQR)† | 5 (4–7) | 5 (3–6) | 5 (4–7) | ** |
Occupation (%)***‡ | ||||
Agriculture | 22.5 | 0.0 | 44.3 | *** |
Unskilled labour | 7.3 | 8.4 | 6.3 | |
Skilled labour | 4.6 | 6.5 | 2.7 | |
Self-employment | 9.9 | 11.6 | 8.1 | |
Business | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.4 | |
Service (public) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | |
Service (private) | 9.6 | 12.1 | 7.2 | |
Student | 5.0 | 6.0 | 4.1 | |
Housewife | 24.1 | 30.2 | 18.1 | ** |
Retired | 8.7 | 14.4 | 3.2 | *** |
Unemployed | 3.4 | 5.1 | 1.8 | |
Highest education level attained (%)***‡ | ||||
No education | 21.6 | 11.6 | 31.2 | *** |
Less than primary | 7.3 | 7.9 | 6.8 | |
Primary school | 38.3 | 33.5 | 43.0 | * |
Secondary school | 12.8 | 14.9 | 10.9 | |
Higher secondary school | 10.3 | 14.0 | 6.8 | * |
Diploma/professional course | 1.6 | 2.3 | 0.9 | |
Graduation | 4.8 | 9.8 | 0.0 | *** |
Postgraduation | 3.2 | 6.0 | 0.5 | *** |
Years of school attended (years) | ||||
Median (IQR)† | 7 (2–11) | 10 (5–13) | 5 (0–10) | *** |
Marital status***‡ | ||||
Single | 15.1 | 18.6 | 11.8 | |
Married | 77.3 | 73.0 | 81.4 | * |
Widowed | 7.6 | 8.4 | 6.8 | |
Religion***‡ | ||||
Hindu | 84.4 | 74.9 | 93.7 | *** |
Muslim | 3.4 | 6.5 | 0.5 | *** |
Christian | 1.1 | 2.3 | 0.0 | * |
Neobuddhist | 10.8 | 15.8 | 5.9 | *** |
Social category***‡ | ||||
Scheduled caste or tribe | 25.0 | 38.1 | 12.2 | *** |
Other backward class | 8.3 | 10.2 | 6.3 | |
Open/general category | 59.6 | 41.4 | 77.4 | *** |
Vimukta jati nomadic tribes | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 | |
Undisclosed | 3.4 | 7.0 | 0.0 | *** |
Monthly household income (Indian Rupees) | ||||
Median (IQR)† | 10 000 (5000–17 500) | 11 000 (6000–22 500) | 7250 (3375–13 250) | *** |
Unable to provide a response (%)‡ | 21.6 | 13.5 | 29.4 | *** |
Household income reliability (%)‡ | ||||
Reliable and dependable | 49.1 | 60.9 | 37.6 | *** |
Not reliable and dependable | 44.5 | 35.3 | 53.4 | *** |
No response | 6.4 | 3.7 | 9.0 | * |
*p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001.
†Wilcoxon test.
‡Pearson χ2 or Fisher’s exact test.