Association between fast-food consumption and BMI (SE) of study participants after adjustment for GNI
| Difference in mean BMI (kg/m2) compared with infrequent fast-food consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated mean BMI* (kg/m2) infrequent fast-food consumption | Frequent fast-food consumption: mean (SE) | Very frequent fast-food consumption: mean (SE) | p Value† | |
| Children (N=72 900) | 16.51 | +0.15 (0.02) | +0.22 (0.05) | <0.001 |
| Male (N=36 778) | 16.53 | +0.16 (0.03) | +0.24 (0.06) | <0.001 |
| Female (N=36 122) | 16.39 | +0.14 (0.03) | +0.20 (0.07) | <0.001 |
| Adolescents | ||||
| Male (N=98 794) | 20.02 | −0.14 (0.02) | −0.28 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Female (N=100 341) | 19.98 | −0.19 (0.02) | −0.19 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Participants with measured height and weight data | ||||
| Children (N=12 873) | 15.88 | +0.14 (0.05) | +0.13 (0.08) | 0.02 |
| Adolescents | ||||
| Male (N=20 384) | 19.67 | −0.03 (0.05) | −0.11 (0.07) | 0.24 |
| Female (N=24 127) | 20.15 | −0.15 (0.05) | −0.09 (0.06) | 0.004 |
*Estimated BMIs for children aged 7 years and adolescents aged 14 years.
†p Value is a joint test of whether the differences in BMIs for frequent and very frequent fast-food consumption relative to infrequent fast-food consumption are 0.
BMI, body mass index; GNI, Gross National Index.