Non-users, % | Users, % | Crude HR* | Adjusted HR, step 1*† | Adjusted HR, step 2*‡ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30-day mortality | |||||
Vitamin K antagonists | |||||
No AF | 13.9 (13.7 to 14.2) | 13.8 (12.4 to 15.3) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.11) | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93) |
AF | 23.2 (22.1 to 24.3) | 15.2 (14.0 to 16.4) | 0.62 (0.56 to 0.69) | 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76) | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.77) |
Aspirin | |||||
No AF | 13.2 (13.0 to 13.5) | 17.0 (16.4 to 17.6) | 1.31 (1.25 to 1.37) | 0.95 (0.90 to 0.99) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.93) |
AF | 19.6 (18.6 to 20.7) | 21.0 (19.6 to 22.4) | 1.07 (0.97 to 1.18) | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) |
β-Blockers | |||||
No AF | 13.7 (13.5 to 14.0) | 15.0 (13.3 to 15.6) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.15) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.97) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.96) |
AF | 22.4 (21.2 to 23.6) | 17.2 (16.0 to 18.4) | 0.74 (0.68 to 0.82) | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.86) | 0.77 (0.70 to 0.85) |
Calcium-channel blockers | |||||
No AF | 13.8 (13.6 to 14.1) | 16.7 (15.27 to 18.2) | 1.23 (1.11 to 1.36) | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.11) | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) |
AF | 20.0 (19.2 to 20.9) | 20.1 (18.4 to 23.9) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.23) | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.29) | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.36) |
Statins | |||||
No AF | 14.3 (14.0 to 14.6) | 11.3 (10.7 to 12.0) | 0.78 (0.73 to 0.83) | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.80) | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.73) |
AF | 21.67 (20.7 to 22.7) | 15.0 (13.5 to 16.6) | 0.67 (0.59 to 0.75) | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.84) | 0.70 (0.61 to 0.80) |
Amiodarone | |||||
No AF | 13.9 (13.7 to 14.1) | 19.8 (15.8 to 24.6) | 1.46 (1.14 to 1.87) | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.60) | 1.23 (0.96 to 1.58) |
AF | 20.1 (19.2 to 21.0) | 20.3 (17.5 to 23.5) | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.21) | 1.21 (1.02 to 1.44) | 1.18 (1.00 to 1.42) |
Digoxin | |||||
No AF | 13.5 (13.2 to 13.7) | 24.0 (22.5 to 25.5) | 1.90 (1.76 to 2.04) | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.36) | 1.23 (1.15 to 1.33) |
AF | 18.4 (17.4 to 19.5) | 22.5 (21.2 to 23.9) | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.37) | 1.19 (1.08 to 1.31) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.28) |
365-day mortality | |||||
Vitamin K antagonists | |||||
No AF | 30.2 (29.9 to 30.6) | 34.3 (32.3 to 36.3) | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.24) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.07) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99) |
AF | 48.9 (47.6 to 50.3) | 35.2 (33.4 to 36.9) | 0.64 (0.60 to 0.69) | 0.70 (0.65 to 0.75) | 0.72 (0.67 to 0.77) |
Aspirin | |||||
No AF | 28.7 (28.3 to 29.0) | 37.5 (36.7 to 38.3) | 1.38 (1.34 to 1.42) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
AF | 43.1 (41.8 to 44.5) | 44.7 (42.3 to 46.4) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.13) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.04) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) |
β-Blockers | |||||
No AF | 29.7 (29.4 to 30.1) | 33.5 (32.6 to 34.3) | 1.15 (1.11 to 1.19) | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
AF | 46.6 (45.2 to 48.0) | 39.8 (38.3 to 41.4) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.85) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.89) | 0.83(0.78 to 0.89) |
Calcium-channel blockers | |||||
No AF | 30.1 (29.8 to 30.5) | 35.9 (33.4 to 37.8) | 1.24 (1.16 to 1.33) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11) |
AF | 43.9 (42.8 to 45.0) | 41.7 (38.5 to 45.1) | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.10) | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.15) |
Statins | |||||
No AF | 30.1 (30.3 to 31.0) | 27.7 (26.8 to 28.6) | 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) | 0.82 (0.79 to 0.86) | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.75) |
AF | 46.3 (45.2 to 47.6) | 34.7 (32.69 to 36.9) | 0.68 (0.63 to 0.74) | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.83) | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.79) |
Amiodarone | |||||
No AF | 30.2 (29.9 to 30.6) | 43.8 (38.5 to 49.5) | 1.56 (1.32 to 1.85) | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.57) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.49) |
AF | 43.7 (42.6 to 44.8) | 43.8 (40.1 to 47.6) | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.14) | 1.19 (1.06 to 1.34) | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) |
Digoxin | |||||
No AF | 29.5 (29.2 to 29.9) | 47.9 (46.2 to 49.6) | 1.86 (1.77 to 1.96) | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.31) | 1.21 (1.15 to 1.27) |
AF | 40.7 (39.6 to 42.1) | 48.0 (45.3 to 49.6) | 1.24 (1.16 to 1.32) | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | 1.15 (1.08 to 1.23) |
95% CIs are presented in parentheses.
*Reference group: patients in the stratum without the given drug exposure.
†Step 1: adjusted for age and sex.
‡Step 2: adjusted for age, sex, the 19 individual disease categories in the Charlson Index, hypertension, heart valve disease, transient cerebral ischaemic attack, obesity, alcoholism, and contacts with a general practitioner regarding preventive consultations, social-medicine-related consultations, conversational therapy, vaccination for influenza, and reimbursement due to chronic or terminal illness.
AF, atrial fibrillation.