Outcome | Freestanding n=490 N (%) | Tertiary n=3145 N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)* | Adjusted OR (95% CI)*† | p Value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apgar | |||||
<7 at 5 min | 6 (1.2) | 88 (2.8) | 0.43 (0.19 to 0.99) | 0.57 (0.25 to 1.35)‡ | 0.203 |
SCN/NICU | |||||
Admitted to SCN/NICU | 33 (6.7) | 432 (13.7) | 0.45 (0.31 to 0.65) | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.91)‡ | 0.017 |
Need for resuscitation | |||||
Nil | 421 (85.9) | 2462 (78.3) | 1.69 (1.29 to 2.21) | 1.39 (1.04 to 1.85)§ | 0.027 |
Suction | 11 (2.2) | 134 (4.3) | 0.52 (0.28 to 0.96) | 0.62 (0.33 to 1.17)§ | 0.139 |
Supplemental oxygen | 13 (2.7) | 150 (4.8) | 0.54 (0.31 to 0.97) | 0.73 (0.40 to 1.32)§ | 0.291 |
IPP (mask) | 43 (8.8) | 371 (11.8) | 0.72 (0.52 to 1.00) | 0.80 (0.56 to 1.15)§ | 0.231 |
IPP (endotracheal tube) | 1 (0.2) | 25 (0.8) | 0.26 (0.03 to 1.89) | ¶ | ¶ |
Cardiac compression | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 2.14 (0.22 to 20.54) | ¶ | ¶ |
Birth weight (g) | |||||
<2500 | 9 (1.8) | 176 (5.6) | 0.32 (0.16 to 0.62) | 0.38 (0.16 to 0.89)‡ | 0.026 |
2500–4500 | 472 (96.3) | 2899 (92.2) | 2.26 (1.37 to 3.63) | 1.74 (1.00 to 3.03)‡ | 0.050 |
>4500 | 9 (1.8) | 70 (2.2) | 0.82 (0.41 to 1.66) | 0.77 (0.37 to 1.58)‡ | 0.473 |
Gestational age | |||||
<37 | 14 (2.9) | 202 (6.4) | 0.43 (0.25 to 0.74) | 0.53 (0.29 to 0.96)** | 0.035 |
37–41 | 461 (94.1) | 2913 (92.6) | 1.27 (0.85 to 1.89) | 0.95 (0.61 to 1.47)** | 0.810 |
42–43 | 15 (3.1) | 30 (1.0) | 3.28 (1.75 to 6.14) | 4.62 (2.31 to 9.31)** | <0.0001 |
Breastfeeding | |||||
Breastfed at birth | 460 (93.9) | 2604 (82.8) | 3.19 (2.18 to 4.66) | 2.38 (1.59 to 3.57)†† | <0.0001 |
Exclusive on discharge‡‡ | 447 (91.22) | 2586 (82.23) | 2.10 (1.53 to 2.87) | 1.59 (1.14 to 2.24)†† | 0.007 |
*Statistically significant results in bold. p Values reported for adjusted ORs.
†All adjusted ORs adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, parity, augmentation, induction, previous caesarean section and risk at the onset of labour.
‡Also adjusted for elective caesarean section and gestation at time of birth.
§Also adjusted for elective caesarean section and restricted to 37–41 weeks gestation at birth.
¶Numbers too small. Multivariate model cannot converge.
**Also adjusted for caesarean section.
††Also adjusted for caesarean section and gestation at time of birth.
‡‡Exclusively breastfeeding on discharge from hospital.
IPP, inspiratory positive pressure; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; SCN, special care nursery.