Study population, IR and adjusted IRR of surgical patients who developed VTE and died, stratified by patient and hospital characteristics
| Characteristics | Surgical patients n (%) | VTE | VTE-associated death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency (%) | IR | IRR (95% CI) | Frequency (%) | IR | IRR (95% CI) | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 2 280 384 (54.00) | 4626 (54.74) | 2.03 | 1.00 | 330 (49.03) | 71.34 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1 942 933 (46.00) | 3825 (45.26) | 1.97 | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.94)* | 343 (50.97) | 89.67 | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.40)† |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| ≥18 and <35 | 738 382 (17.48) | 487 (5.76) | 0.66 | 0.21 (0.19 to 0.23)* | 11 (1.63) | 22.59 | 0.20 (0.11 to 0.37)* |
| ≥35 and <55 | 1 013 921 (24.01) | 1308 (15.48) | 1.29 | 0.42 (0.40 to 0.45)* | 82 (12.18) | 62.69 | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.74)* |
| ≥55 and <75 | 1 595 024 (37.77) | 3538 (41.86) | 2.22 | 0.66 (0.63 to 0.70)* | 290 (43.09) | 81.97 | 0.85 (0.72 to 1.01) |
| ≥75 and <90 | 875 990 (20.74) | 3118 (36.90) | 3.56 | 1.00 | 290 (43.09) | 93.01 | 1.00 |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 2 548 508 (60.34) | 4667 (55.22) | 1.83 | 1.00 | 381 (56.61) | 81.64 | 1.00 |
| Single | 1 674 809 (39.66) | 3784 (44.78) | 2.26 | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.21)* | 292 (43.39) | 77.17 | 1.01 (0.86 to 1.18) |
| Country of birth | |||||||
| Australia and New Zealand | 2 839 135 (67.23) | 5858 (69.32) | 2.06 | 1.00 | 479 (71.17) | 81.77 | 1.00 |
| UK, US and Canada | 239 088 (5.66) | 645 (7.63) | 2.70 | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.15) | 53 (7.88) | 82.17 | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.27) |
| Non-English Europe | 447 239 (10.59) | 1046 (12.38) | 2.34 | 0.74 (0.69 to 0.80)* | 80 (11.89) | 76.48 | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16) |
| North Africa | 130 938 (3.10) | 139 (1.64) | 1.06 | 0.47 (0.40 to 0.56)* | 9 (1.34) | 64.75 | 0.87 (0.45 to 1.70) |
| Asia | 179 725 (4.26) | 193 (2.28) | 1.07 | 0.45 (0.39 to 0.52)* | 16 (2.38) | 82.90 | 1.09 (0.66 to 1.80) |
| Others | 387 192 (9.17) | 570 (6.74) | 1.47 | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.64)* | 36 (5.35) | 63.16 | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.35) |
| Major surgical procedure | |||||||
| AAA repair | 1744 (0.04) | 26 (0.31) | 14.91 | 1.00 | 6 (0.89) | 230.77 | 1.00 |
| CABG | 10 529 (0.25) | 52 (0.62) | 4.94 | 0.37 (0.23 to 0.60)* | 7 (1.04) | 134.62 | 0.69 (0.23 to 2.10) |
| Cholecystectomy | 50 145 (1.19) | 42 (0.50) | 0.84 | 0.09 (0.05 to 0.15)* | 6 (0.89) | 142.86 | 0.70 (0.22 to 2.22) |
| Total hip replacement | 18 771 (0.44) | 207 (2.45) | 11.03 | 0.74 (0.49 to 1.11) | 4 (0.59) | 19.32 | 0.12 (0.03 to 0.44)* |
| Total knee replacement | 29 428 (0.70) | 798 (9.44) | 27.12 | 1.76 (1.19 to 2.61)* | 3 (0.45) | 3.76 | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.11)* |
| Other | 4 112 700 (97.38) | 7326 (86.69) | 1.78 | 0.17 (0.11 to 0.24)* | 647 (96.14) | 88.32 | 0.52 (0.23 to 1.19) |
| Major principle diagnostic diseases‡ | |||||||
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 25 953 (0.61) | 75 (0.89) | 2.89 | ||||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 11 558 (0.27) | 69 (0.82) | 5.97 | ||||
| Coagulopathy | 3908 (0.09) | 37 (0.44) | 9.47 | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 6765 (0.16) | 85 (1.01) | 12.56 | ||||
| Diabetes with chronic complication | 33 541 (0.79) | 79 (0.93) | 2.36 | – | 2 (0.30) | 26.67 | |
| Malignancy including lymphoma and leukaemia | 150 962 (3.57) | 1070 (12.66) | 7.09 | – | 6 (0.89) | 86.96 | |
| Metastatic solid tumour | 19 699 (0.47) | 291 (3.44) | 14.77 | – | 2 (0.30) | 54.05 | – |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 15 993 (0.38) | 141 (1.67) | 8.82 | – | 17 (2.53) | 200.00 | – |
| Renal failure | 1 385 753 (32.81) | 42 (0.50) | 0.03 | – | 11 (1.63) | 139.24 | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease | 10 748 (0.25) | 40 (0.47) | 3.72 | – | 182 (27.04) | 170.09 | – |
| Year | – | 67 (9.96) | 230.24 | – | |||
| 2002 | 431 184 (10.21) | 763 (9.03) | 1.77 | – | 10 (1.49) | 70.92 | – |
| 2003 | 438 058 (10.37) | 780 (9.23) | 1.78 | – | 1 (0.15) | 23.81 | – |
| 2004 | 462 451 (10.95) | 878 (10.39) | 1.90 | – | 1 (0.15) | 25.00 | – |
| 2005 | 508 097 (12.03) | 1038 (12.28) | 2.04 | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.29)* | 75 (11.14) | 72.25 | – |
| 2006 | 550 688 (13.04) | 1062 (12.57) | 1.93 | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22)† | 103 (15.30) | 96.99 | – |
| 2007 | 591 973 (14.02) | 1223 (14.47) | 2.07 | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.34)* | 87 (12.93) | 71.14 | 0.72 (0.52 to 1.01) |
| 2008 | 607 631 (14.39) | 1313 (15.54) | 2.16 | 1.27 (1.16 to 1.38)* | 112 (16.64) | 85.30 | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.23) |
| 2009 | 633 235 (14.99) | 1394 (16.50) | 2.20 | 1.30 (1.19 to 1.42)* | 113 (16.79) | 81.06 | 0.83 (0.60 to 1.13) |
| Year-linear trend | – | – | – | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05)* | – | – | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) |
| Quartiles of SEIFA | |||||||
| 1st quartile (most disadvantaged) | 1 089 833 (25.81) | 2308 (27.31) | 2.12 | 1.00 | 187 (27.79) | 81.02 | 1.00 |
| 2nd quartile | 1 084 727 (25.68) | 1981 (23.44) | 1.83 | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94)* | 169 (25.11) | 85.31 | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.20) |
| 3rd quartile | 1 074 283 (25.44) | 2088 (24.71) | 1.94 | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.81)* | 175 (26.00) | 83.81 | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.30) |
| 4th quartile (most advantaged) | 974 474 (23.07) | 2074 (24.54) | 2.13 | 0.70 (0.65 to 0.75)* | 142 (21.10) | 68.47 | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.26) |
| Peer hospital groups | |||||||
| Principal referral | 2 269 392 (53.73) | 5141 (60.83) | 2.27 | 1.00 | 381 (56.61) | 74.11 | 1.00 |
| Ungrouped acute | 133 465 (3.16) | 380 (4.50) | 2.85 | 1.20 (0.54 to 2.66) | 43 (6.39) | 113.16 | 0.94 (0.37 to 2.39) |
| Major metrometropolitan and non-metropolitan | 1 140 036 (26.99) | 2125 (25.14) | 1.86 | 0.84 (0.54 to 1.31) | 183 (27.19) | 86.12 | 0.96 (0.60 to 1.55) |
| District group 1 | 346 910 (8.21) | 484 (5.73) | 1.40 | 0.56 (0.33 to 0.95)† | 42 (6.24) | 86.78 | 0.99 (0.54 to 1.83) |
| District group 2 | 333 514 (7.90) | 321 (3.80) | 0.96 | 0.37 (0.23 to 0.61)* | 24 (3.57) | 74.77 | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.44) |
| Local health district | |||||||
| Metropolitan | 2 720 690 (64.42) | 5882 (69.60) | 2.16 | 1.00 | 430 (63.89) | 73.10 | 1.00 |
| Rural and Regional NSW | 1 502 627 (35.58) | 2569 (30.40) | 1.71 | 0.74 (0.52 to 1.05) | 243 (36.11) | 94.59 | 1.26 (0.82 to 1.92) |
| Total | 4 223 317 | 8451 | 2.00 | – | 673 | 79.64 | – |
139 307 (3.2%) cases were excluded due to missing or unknown items.
IR are crude and reported per 1000 patients.
IRR and related CI were obtained using a Poisson mixed model.
*Significant at 1%.
†Significant at 5%.
‡No RR is reported since this characteristic has not been included in the Poisson mixed model.
AAA repair, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; IR, Incidence rates; IRR, incidence rate ratios; NSW, New South Wales; SEIFA, Socio-Economic Indices for Areas; VTE, venous thromboembolism.