Baseline Characteristics of participants by category of WEMWBS groups in HSE 2010/2011 (n=13983)*
| Variable | WEMWBS Score | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (14–42) | Middle (43–59) | High (60+) | ||
| N subjects (13983) | 2252 (16.1) | 9446 (67.6) | 2285 (16.3) | |
| BMI | ||||
| 18.5 kg/m2 to 25 kg/m2 | 617 (27.4) | 2896 (30.7) | 673 (29.5) | P<0.001 |
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 43 (1.9) | 108 (1.1) | 27 (1.1) | |
| 25 kg/m2 to <30 kg/m2 | 624 (27.7) | 3158 (33.5) | 799 (35.0) | |
| 30 kg/m2 to <40 kg/m2 | 508 (22.6) | 1901 (20.1) | 461 (20.1) | |
| 40+ kg/m2 | 92 (4.1) | 192 (2.0) | 47 (2.1) | |
| Missing | 368 (16.3) | 1191 (12.6) | 278 (12.2) | |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||
| Never drinker | 828 (36.8) | 2770 (29.3) | 712 (31.2) | p<0.001 |
| ≤4 units/day/men or ≤3 units/day/women | 498 (22.1) | 2846 (30.1) | 698 (30.5) | |
| >4 and ≤8/men or >3 and ≤6/women | 320 (14.2) | 1642 (17.4) | 407 (17.8) | |
| >8 units/day/men or >6 units/day women | 406 (18.0) | 1738 (18.4) | 347 (15.2) | |
| Ex-Drinker | 188 (8.3) | 406 (4.3) | 110 (4.8) | |
| Missing | 12 (0.5) | 44 (0.5) | 11 (0.5) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never Smoking | 874 (38.8) | 4605 (48.8) | 1220 (53.4) | P<0.001 |
| Light Smoker <10/day | 197 (8.7) | 621 (6.6) | 127 (5.6) | |
| Moderate Smoker 10 to <20/day | 272 (12.1) | 695 (7.4) | 138 (6.0) | |
| Heavy Smoker >20/day | 207 (9.1) | 338 (3.6) | 57 (2.5) | |
| Ex-Smoker | 697 (31.0) | 3160 (33.5) | 736 (32.2) | |
| Missing | 8 (0.3) | 24 (0.1) | 7 (0.3) | |
| Fruit and vegetable intake | ||||
| 5 or more portions/day | 457 (20.3) | 2556 (27.1) | 765 (33.5) | P<0.001 |
| 3 to <5 portions /day | 594 (26.4) | 3046 (32.2) | 717 (31.4) | |
| 1 to <3 portions/day | 881 (39.1) | 3057 (32.4) | 648 (28.4) | |
| <1 portion/day | 320 (14.2) | 782 (08.3) | 155 (6.8) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.1) | 0. (0.0) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 16–34 | 553 (24.6) | 2467 (26.1) | 519 (22.7) | P<0.001 |
| 35–54 | 904 (40.1) | 3467 (36.7) | 677 (29.6) | |
| 55+ | 795 (35.3) | 3512 (37.2) | 1089 (47.7) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 936 (41.6) | 4185 (44.3) | 1024 (44.8) | P=0.041 |
| Female | 1316 (58.4) | 5261 (55.7) | 1261 (55.2) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 560 (24.9) | 1711 (18.1) | 360 (15.8) | P<0.001 |
| Married/Civil partnership/cohabitees | 1205 (53.5) | 6320 (66.9) | 1559 (68.2) | |
| Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 484 (21.5) | 1415 (15.0) | 365 (16.0) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | |
| Education | ||||
| NVQ4/NVQ5/Degree or equivalent | 327 (14.5) | 2442 (25.9) | 582 (25.5) | P<0.001 |
| Higher education below degree | 203 (9.0) | 1095 (11.6) | 297 (13.0) | |
| NVQ3/GCE A Level equivalent | 335 (14.9) | 1526 (16.2) | 343 (15.0) | |
| NVQ2/GCE O Level | 591 (26.2) | 2143 (22.7) | 446 (19.5) | |
| NVQ1/CSE other grade equivalent | 134 (6.0) | 395 (4.2) | 106 (4.6) | |
| Foreign/other | 27 (1.2) | 151 (1.6) | 53 (2.3) | |
| No qualifications | 631 (28.0) | 1681 (17.8) | 456 (20.0) | |
| Missing | 4 (0.2) | 13 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | |
| Equivalised household income | ||||
| Lowest (≤£11676.65) | 519 (23.0) | 1015 (10.7) | 253 (11.1) | P<0.001 |
| Second lowest (>£11676.65–≤19117.65) | 420 (18.7) | 1476 (15.6) | 332 (14.5) | |
| Middle (>£19117.65–≤27704.92) | 354 (15.7) | 1619 (17.1) | 373 (16.3) | |
| Second highest (>27704.92–≤47794.12) | 276 (12.3) | 1863 (19.7) | 428 (18.7) | |
| Highest (>£47794.12) | 256 (11.4) | 1857 (19.7) | 473 (20.7) | |
| Missing | 427 (19.0) | 1616 (17.1) | 426 (18.6) | |
| Employment status | ||||
| In employment | 975 (43.3) | 5621 (59.5) | 1183 (51.6) | P<0.001 |
| Unemployed seeking work | 1439 (6.3) | 445 (4.7) | 108 (4.7) | |
| Retired | 525 (23.3) | 2182 (23.1) | 721 (31.6) | |
| Other economically inactive | 605 (26.9) | 1181 (12.5) | 271 (11.9) | |
| Missing | 4 (0.2) | 17 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 2064 ( (91.7) | 8419 (89.1) | 1951 (85.4) | P<0.001 |
| Indian and Pakistani | 61 (2.7) | 242 (2.6) | 91 (4.0) | |
| African Caribbean | 57 (2.5) | 487 (5.2) | 151 (6.6) | |
| Chinese and Other Asian mix | 44 (2.0) | 195 (2.1) | 58 (2.5) | |
| Other | 23 (1.0) | 93 (1.0) | 31 (1.4) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | |
*χ2 tests were used to determine the statistical significance of any difference in the distributions of the selected variables across categories of WEMWBS scores.
BMI, body mass index; HSE, Health Survey for England; WEMWBS, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.