Study data
| Studies | Intervention/cases | Control | Measurements of effect estimates | Crude RR with 95% CIs | Adjusted RR with 95% CIs | Confounders for adjustment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of event/number of exposure | Number of total | Number of event/ number of exposure | Number of total | |||||
| Emberson et al,19 UK | 35 | 67 258 | 33 | 67 279 | RR | 1.06 (0.66 to 1.71)* | 1.06 (0.66 to 1.71)* | Randomisation |
| Friis et al,28 North Jutland | 1 | 12 251 | 166 | 334 754 | OR | NA | 1.16 (0.46 to 2.90) | 1,2, 16, 21, 23 |
| Friedman et al (male),29 USA | 32 | 192 598 | NA | 1 904 876 | HR | NA | 0.49 (0.34 to 0.70) | 16 |
| Friedman et al (female),29 USA | 10 | 169 261 | NA | 1 976 332 | HR | NA | 0.40 (0.21 to 0.75) | |
| Marelli et al,30 USA | 13 | 45 857 | 24 | 45 857 | RR | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.68)* | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.68)* | 1–5, 14, 16–18, 26, 27 |
| Tsan et al,31 Taiwan | 58 | 2785 | 963 | 30 628 | HR | 0.66 (0.51 to 0.86) | 0.47 (0.36 to 0.61) | 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 12 |
| Tsan et al,32 Taiwan | 1378 | 35 023 | 26 505 | 225 841 | HR | 0.42 (0.39 to 0.46) | 0.53 (0.49 to 0.58) | 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 13 |
| Khurana et al,33 USA | NA | NA | NA | NA | OR | NA | 0.52 (0.41 to 0.67) | 1, 11, 13 |
| El-Serag et al,34 USA | 447 | 1303 | 2766 | 5212 | OR | 0.46 (0.40 to 0.52) | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.87) | 1–3, 6, 8, 9, 11–13, 21, 24, 28 |
| Chiu et al,35 Taiwan | 117 | 1166 | 195 | 1166 | OR | 0.53 (0.41 to 0.69) | 0.62 (0.45 to 0.83) | 1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 12, 20, 29 |
| Lai et al,36 Taiwan | 255 | 3480 | 1635 | 13 920 | OR | 0.61 (0.52 to 0.72) | 0.71 (0.56 to 0.89) | 1, 2, 8–13, 22, 24, 25 |
| Leung et al,37 Taiwan | 26 | 424 | 6851 | 33 781 | HR | 0.45 (0.30 to 0.67) | 0.44 (0.28, 0.72) | 1, 2, 11, 15, 20, 21, 23 |
| Chaiteerakij et al,38 USA | 72 | 165 | 165 | 256 | OR | NA | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) | 1–3, 8, 11, 17, 22, 28, 30 |
The RR with an asterisk mark (*) was calculated based on the raw data. The others, crude or adjusted, were extracted from the original paper; confounders for adjustment: 1=age, 2=sex, 3=race, 4=BMI, 5=smoking status, 6=ethanol intake, 7=socioeconomic status, 8=cirrhosis, 9=alcoholic liver disease, 10=non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 11=diabetes mellitus, 12=HBV infection, 13=HCV infection, 14=concomitant diagnoses (unspecified), 15=Charlson score, 16=calendar year, 17=cholesterol (total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL or triglycerides), 18=prostate-specific antigen, 19=resection extent, 20=other lipid-lowering agents, 21=cardiovascular medications (aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications or ACE inhibitors), 22=metformin or thiazolidinedione, 23=hormone-replacement therapy, 24=HCV treatment, 25=HBV treatment, 26=medications taken (unspecified), 27=number of office visits, 28=propensity to use statins, 29=hospital stay, 30=biliary tract diseases.
BMI, body mass index; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NA, not applicable; RR, relative risk; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.