Study characteristics
| Studies | Study design | Patient population | Study period | Cases defined | Follow-up (years) | Statin types | Dosage/duration of statin use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emberson et al,19 UK | RCT | IPD analysis of 22 RCTs | – | ICD-9 155 | 5.1 (Me) | A, F, L, P, R and S | 5.1 years (Me) |
| Friis et al,28 North Jutland | Cohort | General population (CPR) | 1989–2002 | ICD-10 C22 | 3.3 (M) | Unspecified | ≥2 Rx |
| Friedman et al,29 USA | Cohort | General population (KPMCP) | 1994–2003 | ICD-9-CM 155 | >2 | A, L and S (97.6%) | ≥1 Rx |
| Marelli et al,30 USA | Cohort | General older population (men ≥45 and women ≥55 years; GE Centricity) | 1990–2009 | ICD-9 155 | 4.6 (M) | Unspecified | ≥1 cDDD |
| Tsan et al,31 Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with HBV infection (NHIRD) | 1997–2008 | ICD-9 155 | 9.9 (M) | A, F, L, P, R and S | ≥28 cDDDs |
| Tsan et al,32 Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with HCV infection (NHIRD) | 1999–2010 | ICD-9 155 | 10.7 (M) | A, F, L, P, R and S | ≥28 cDDDs |
| Khurana et al,33 USA | Case–control | General population (VISN) | 1997–2002 | ICD-9 155 | NR | Unspecified | ≥1 Rx |
| El-Serag et al,34 USA | Case–control | Diabetes patients (VA) | 1997–2002 | ICD-9-CM 155 | 2.4 (M) | A, C, F, L, P and S | 1.6 years (M) |
| Chiu et al,35 Taiwan | Case–control | Older patients (≥50 years; NHIRD) | 2005–2008 | ICD-9-CM 155 | NR | A, F, L, P, R and S | ≥1 cDDD |
| Lai et al,36 Taiwan | Case–control | General population (NHIRD) | 2000–2009 | ICD-9-CM 155 | 1.4 (M) | A, F, L, P, R and S | ≥1 Rx |
| Leung et al,37 Taiwan | Case–control | General population (NHIRD) | 2000–2008 | ICD-9-CM 155 | 4.1 (M) | Unspecified | >0.5 years |
| Chaiteerakij et al,38 USA | Case–control | Hyperlipidaemia patients (Mayo Clinic) | 2000–2010 | ICD-9-CM 155 | >1 | Unspecified | ≥1 Rx |
Duration of follow-up: When the follow-up periods of statin user and non-user were different, only the shorter period was shown, and all periods were transformed to years.
≥1 cDDD=more than 1 cumulative defined daily dose before the diagnosis of liver cancer; A, atorvastatin; C, cerivastatin; CM, clinical modification; CRP, the Central Population Register of Danish citizens; F, fluvastatin; GE Centricity, the General Electric Centricity database; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ICD-9 or ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or Tenth Revision; IPD, individual patient data; KPMCP, the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in northern California; L, lovastatin; M, mean; Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN); Me, median; NHIRD, the Taiwanese National Health Insurance research database; non-statin, non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug(s) only; NR, not reported; P, pravastatin; R, rosuvastatin; RCT, randomised controlled trials; Rx, prescriptions; S, simvastatin; VA, Veterans Affairs national databases; VISN, Veterans Integrated Service Networks 16 Veteran Affairs database.