Univariate and multivariate analyses of all-cause mortality in patients withClostridium difficile infection (CDI)
| Characteristics | All-cause mortality rate | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per cent | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| All | 11.0 (102/924) | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤74 | 7.1 (23/326) | Ref. | ||
| 75–84 | 13.3 (47/353) | <0.05 | 2.08 (1.19 to 3.62) | <0.05 |
| ≥85 | 13.1 (32/245) | 1.86 (0.98 to 3.55) | 0.06 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 12.2 (64/524) | Ref. | ||
| Women | 9.5 (38/400) | 0.21 | 0.78 (0.49 to 1.24) | 0.29 |
| Underlying disease | ||||
| Non-infectious | 10.3 (64/619) | Ref. | ||
| Infectious | 12.5 (38/305) | 0.37 | 0.99 (0.60 to 1.62) | 0.97 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Malignant tumours | ||||
| Not present | 10.6 (67/630) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 11.9 (35/294) | 0.57 | 1.54 (0.94 to 2.53) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Not present | 11.6 (89/765) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 8.2 (13/159) | 0.27 | 0.71 (0.37 to 1.35) | 0.29 |
| Renal failure | ||||
| Not present | 10.7 (84/784) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 12.9 (18/140) | 0.46 | 0.90 (0.49 to 1.65) | 0.73 |
| Heart failure | ||||
| Not present | 9.3 (70/756) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 19.0 (32/168) | <0.01 | 2.12 (1.26 to 3.55) | <0.01 |
| Respiratory failure | ||||
| Not present | 9.2 (69/754) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 19.4 (33/170) | <0.001 | 1.98 (1.19 to 3.32) | <0.01 |
| Cirrhosis | ||||
| Not present | 11.2 (100/895) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 6.9 (2/29) | 0.76 | 0.61 (0.13 to 2.83) | 0.53 |
| Indicators of nutritional status | ||||
| Parenteral nutrition or enteral feeding | ||||
| Not present | 9.4 (53/563) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 13.6 (49/361) | 0.05 | 1.16 (0.73 to 1.84) | 0.53 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | ||||
| ≥3.5 | 4.0 (5/124) | Ref. | ||
| 2.7–3.4 | 7.2 (27/376) | <0.001 | 1.55 (0.57 to 4.21) | 0.39 |
| ≤2.6 | 16.5 (70/424) | 3.50 (1.33 to 9.22) | <0.05 | |
| CDI treatments | ||||
| Cessation of antibiotics | ||||
| Not present | 12.5 (65/519) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 9.1 (37/405) | 0.11 | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.22) | 0.26 |
| Probiotics (for intestine treatment) | ||||
| Not present | 13.8 (52/378) | Ref. | ||
| Present | 9.2 (50/546) | <0.05 | 0.66 (0.42 to 1.04) | 0.08 |
| Anti-CDI drugs | ||||
| Not present | 15.2 (32/210) | <0.05 | Ref. | |
| Vancomycin alone | 7.4 (32/433) | 0.43 (0.25 to 0.75) | <0.01 | |
| Metronidazole alone | 13.5 (32/237) | 0.85 (0.48 to 1.51) | 0.59 | |
| Vancomycin and metronidazole | 13.6 (6/44) | 0.75 (0.27 to 2.08) | 0.57 | |