Risk factors for failure in enhanced recovery protocol after major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery using the generalised estimating equation model
| Common-effect RR (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|
| ICU admission | ||
| None | 1.00 | 0.104 |
| Elective | 0.41 (0.14 to 1.20) | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never-smoker/ex smoker | 1.00 | 0.027 |
| Current smoker | 2.21 (1.10 to 4.46) | |
| ALT/GPT (IU/L)* | ||
| Normal | 1.00 | 0.001 |
| High | 3.55 (1.68 to 7.49) | |
| Any postoperative morbidity | ||
| None | 1.00 | 0.007 |
| Present on day 3 | 2.69 (1.30 to 5.56) | |
*High ALT/GPT defined as more than 67 IU/L in men and more than 55 IU/L in women.
ALT/GPT, alanine transaminase/glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; ICU, intensive care unit; RR, relative risk.