Disconnect–reconnect (DRT) |
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Push–pull (PPT) |
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Can be performed by a single provider -
Likely better suited to space-limited environments, such as the out-of-hospital setting -
May require only a single connection to the intravenous line (closed system) which may decrease risk of contamination
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Facilitates a slower rate of fluid administration -
More complex task; requires greater dexterity and more practice may be needed for optimal recall and performance -
Risk of adverse events as a result of stopcock toggling errors
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