Nutrient intake at baseline and at 6 months
| Mean daily intake nutrients | Baseline | 6 months | Change (6 months−baseline) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=262) | Women (n=87) | Men (n=175) | Total (n=262) | Women (n=87) | Men (n=175) | Total (n=262) | Women (n=87) | Men (n=175) | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Energy (kcal) | 1796 (461) | 1582 (379) | 1903 (462)c | 1610 (418) | 1459 (326) | 1685 (439)c | −187 (315)z | −123 (270)z | −218 (332)a z |
| Protein (g) | 80 (19) | 73 (16) | 83 (20)c | 74 (19) | 68 (13) | 77 (20)c | −6 (17)z | −5 (15)y | −6 (19)z |
| Total carbohydrates (g) | 202 (55) | 186 (48) | 211 (57)b | 186 (53) | 170 (39) | 194 (58)b | −17 (41)z | −15 (33)z | −17 (45)z |
| Total sugar (g) | 81 (32) | 77 (28) | 83 (34) | 75 (31) | 71 (23) | 77 (34) | −6 (26)z | −6 (21)x | −6 (28)y |
| Starch (g) | 119 (36) | 105 (30) | 126 (37)c | 109 (31) | 97 (26) | 115 (32)c | −10 (28)z | −9 (24)y | −11 (30)z |
| Non-starch polysaccharide (g) | 17 (5) | 16 (5) | 17 (5) | 16 (5) | 15 (4) | 17 (5)a | −1 (5) | −1 (4) | 0 (5) |
| Total fat (g) | 69 (22) | 61 (20) | 73 (220)c | 61 (20) | 56 (19) | 64 (20)b | −8 (18)z | −5 (17)x | −9 (18)z |
| Saturated fat (g) | 23 (9) | 21 (8) | 24 (9)b | 20 (9) | 19 (9) | 21 (9) | −3 (8)z | −2 (7)x | −3 (8)z |
| Trans fat (g) | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.0 (1) | 2.4 (1.1)b | 2.1 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.1)a | −0.2 (1.1)y | −0.1 (1.1) | −0.3 (1.2)y |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 24 (8) | 21 (8) | 26 (8)c | 22 (8) | 20 (7) | 23 (8)b | −2 (7)z | −1 (8)x | −3 (7)z |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 13 (6) | 12 (6) | 14 (6)a | 12 (4) | 11 (4) | 13 (5)a | −1 (5)z | −1 (6) | −1 (5)y |
| Alcohol, median (IQR) (g) | 7 (0–23) | 1 (0–12) | 13 (0–27)a | 4 (0–16) | 0 (0–11) | 5 (0–18)b | 0 (−3−1)z | 0 (−3−4) | −3 (−14−0)c z |
| % Energy from protein | 18.3 (3.6) | 19.0 (3.7) | 18.0 (3.5)a | 18.8 (3.5) | 19.0 (3.3) | 18.7 (3.6) | 0.5 (3.7)z | 0.0 (3.6) | 0.7 (3.8)y |
| % Energy from total carbohydrates | 43.2 (6.6) | 44.8 (6.4) | 42.4 (6.6)a | 44.1 (6.5) | 44.7 (6.2) | 43.8 (6.6) | 0.9 (6.0)z | −0.1 (6.2) | 1.4 (5.9)y |
| % Energy from total fat | 33.5 (5.6) | 33.4 (5.8) | 33.6 (5.5) | 33.3 (5.8) | 33.3 (6.4) | 33.3 (5.4) | −0.2 (5.9) | −0.1 (6.3) | −0.3 (5.7) |
| % Energy from saturated fat | 11.2 (3.1) | 11.4 (3.4) | 11.2 (3.1) | 11.0 (3.4) | 11.1 (3.6) | 10.9 (3.2) | −0.3 (3.3) | −0.3 (3.1) | −0.3 (3.5) |
| % Energy from trans fat | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.43) | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.5) |
| % Energy from monounsaturated fat | 11.7 (2.5) | 11.5 (2.6) | 11.9 (2.5) | 11.9 (2.5) | 11.7 (2.7) | 12.0 (2.5) | −0.2 (2.8) | 0.2 (3.2) | 0.1 (2.6) |
| % Energy from polyunsaturated fat | 6.5 (2.2) | 6.7 (2.4) | 6.4 (2.1) | 6.6 (1.9) | 6.6 (1.9) | 6.6 (1.9) | 0.1 (2.4) | 0.0 (2.6) | 0.2 (2.3) |
| % Energy from total sugar | 17.2 (5.7) | 18.7 (5.5) | 16.5 (5.6)b | 17.7 (5.7) | 18.8 (5.4) | 17.2 (5.8)a | 0.5 (5.0) | 0.2 (5.2) | 0.7 (4.9) |
| % Energy from alcohol | 3 (0–8) | 1 (0–5) | 5 (0–9)c | 2 (0–7) | 0 (0–6) | 2 (0–7)a | 0 (−3−1)z | 0 (−1−2) | −1 (−4−0)c z |
a=p<0.05; b=p<0.005; c=p<0.001 women vs men.
y=p<0.005; z=p<0.001 baseline vs 6 months.