Table showing correlates of exclusive breastfeeding and postnatal depression
| Characteristic | EPDS (mean±SD) | p Value | Exclusive breastfeeding | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (N=511) | Yes (N=1026) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||
| <25 | 5.8±2.96 | 0.25 | 171 (36.4) | 299 (63.6) | 0.16 | 1.00 |
| 25–29 | 5.5±3.17 | 237 (33.3) | 474 (66.7) | 1.14 (0.90 to 1.46) | ||
| 30–34 | 5.8±3.35 | 84 (28.6) | 210 (71.4) | 1.43 (1.04 to 1.96) | ||
| ≥35 | 5.3±2.71 | 19 (30.6) | 43 (69.4) | 1.20 (0.73 to 2.29) | ||
| SES | ||||||
| Academic | 5.2±3.12 | <0.001 | 79 (32.4) | 165 (67.6) | 0.86 | 1.00 |
| Vocational | 5.2±2.87 | 109 (35.4) | 199 (64.6) | 0.87 (0.61 to 1.25) | ||
| Short education | 5.5±3.07 | 130 (33.2) | 261 (67.8) | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.35) | ||
| Skilled | 6.2±3.18 | 147 (31.8) | 315 (68.2) | 1.03 (0.74 to 1.43) | ||
| Semi/unskilled | 5.8±3.42 | 45 (34.9) | 84 (65.1) | 0.89 (0.57 to 1.40) | ||
| Birthweight (kg) | ||||||
| ≥2.5 | 5.5±3.18 | <0.01 | 402 (31.7) | 865 (68.3) | <0.01 | 1.00 |
| <2.5 | 6.1±2.98 | 108 (40.1) | 161 (59.9) | 0.69 (0.53 to 0.91) | ||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| <Primary | 6.8±4.14 | <0.01 | 23 (40.4) | 34 (59.6) | 0.44 | 1.00 |
| Up to secondary | 6.0±3.02 | 61 (33.3) | 122 (66.7) | 1.35 (0.73 to 2.49) | ||
| Higher secondary | 5.8±2.93 | 111 (35.6) | 201 (64.4) | 1.22 (0.69 to 2.18) | ||
| Graduate | 5.5±3.03 | 226 (31.2) | 499 (68.8) | 1.49 (0.86 to 2.59) | ||
| Postgraduate | 5.3±3.33 | 90 (34.7) | 169 (65.3) | 1.27 (0.71 to 2.29) | ||
| Working status | ||||||
| Yes | 4.9±3.07 | <0.001 | 87 (29.1) | 212 (70.9) | 0.09 | 1.00 |
| No | 5.8±3.11 | 423 (34.2) | 813 (65.8) | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.04) | ||
| EPDS | ||||||
| <11 | – | – | 460 (32.1) | 972 (67.9) | 0.001 | 1.00 |
| ≥11 | 51 (48.6) | 54 (51.4) | 0.50 (0.34 to 0.75) | |||
| Sex of the newborn | ||||||
| Male | 5.4±2.87 | <0.001 | 249 (29.1) | 606 (70.9) | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| Female | 6.0±3.39 | 262 (38.4) | 420 (61.6) | 0.66 (0.34 to 0.75) | ||
| Sex of the newborn—primi | ||||||
| Male | 5.7±2.68 | 0.87 | 163 (35.7) | 294 (64.3) | 0.32 | 1.00 |
| Female | 5.6±3.27 | 154 (39.0) | 241 (61.0) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.15) | ||
| No siblings | 0.06 | 317 (37.2) | 535 (62.7) | <0.001 | 1.00 | |
| MM | 4.9±3.49 | 17 (15.9.) | 90 (84.1) | 3.1 (1.83 to 5.36) | ||
| MF | 5.8±3.4 | 17 (23.9) | 54 (76.1) | 1.9 (1.07 to 1.30) | ||
| FM | 5.4±3.59 | 24 (22.6) | 82 (77.4) | 2.0 (1.26 to 3.26) | ||
| FF | 6.6±3.39 | 14 (40.0) | 21 (60.0) | 0.89 (0.45 to 1.77) | ||
| >2 children | 5.8±3.14 | 122 (33.3) | 244 (66.7) | 1.2 (0.92 to 1.53) | ||
EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; F, female; FF, second female child; FM, male child after a female child; M, male; MM, second male child; SES, socioeconomic status.