Substudy 4 (optimal approach): Quality of nutrition policies implemented, % of foods meeting food-based or nutrient-based standards in high (8–10) versus low (1–3) decile schools

Substudy 2: Frequency of ‘food deserts’ and ‘food swamps’ in least (NZDep 1–3), average (NZDep 4–7), most deprived (NZDep 8–10) areas and areas with high versus low % of Maori and Pacific residents

Substudy 2: Relative density of ‘unhealthy’ food outlets in a buffer zone around high (8–10), mid (4–7) and low (1–3) decile schools

Substudy 3: Ratio of shelf space devoted to ‘healthy’ versus ‘unhealthy’ foods by NZDep2013 tertile (based on location supermarkets)

Substudy 3: Percentage of junk-food free check-outs by NZDep2013 tertile (based on location supermarkets)

Substudy 3: Price differentials between ‘healthy’ foods and meals and ‘less healthy’ foods and meals by NZDep2013 tertiles (based on location of supermarkets or other outlet types)

Substudy 3: Price differentials and affordability of healthy versus current diets for Maori, Pacific and NZ European adults (from national nutrition survey data)

Substudy 4: The number of outdoor advertisements for unhealthy foods in a buffer zone of 500 m around low (1–3), mid (4–7) and high (8–10) decile schools