Model* | Exposure | Outcome | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI (kg/m2) | Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | Glucose (mmol/L) | Cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||
Full sample, N=2329 | |||||||
1 | Early-onset obesity† | 9.65 (9.27 to 10.03) p<0.001 | 7.70 (6.27 to 9.14) p<0.001 | 5.31 (4.35 to 6.28) p<0.001 | 2.39 (1.35 to 3.44) p<0.001 | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.36) p<0.001 | −0.14 (−0.25 to −0.04) p=0.01 |
2 | 9.76 (9.36 to 10.16) p<0.001 | 10.28 (8.82 to 11.74) p<0.001 | 6.02 (5.01 to 7.02) p<0.001 | 4.27 (3.21 to 5.33) p<0.001 | 1.30 (1.07 to 1.53) p<0.001 | −0.07 (−0.18 to 0.04) p=0.19 | |
Subsample with childhood growth data, N=613 | |||||||
1 | BMI at 7 years (kg/m2) | 1.81 (1.60 to 2.02) p<0.001 | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.02) p<0.001 | 0.72 (0.32 to 1.12) p<0.001 | 0.65 (0.17 to 1.13) p=0.01 | 0.12 (0.02 to 0.23) p=0.03 | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.00) p=0.08 |
2 | 1.75 (1.53 to 1.97) p<0.001 | 1.82 (1.17 to 2.47) p<0.001 | 0.85 (0.44 to 1.26) p<0.001 | 0.97 (0.49 to 1.45) p<0.001 | 0.13 (0.02 to 0.24) p=0.02 | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.03) p=0.50 | |
1 | BMI change 7–13 years (kg/m2/) | 10.95 (10.01 to 11.89) p<0.001 | 8.47 (5.26 to 11.67) p<0.001 | 4.53 (2.55 to 6.51) p<0.001 | 3.93 (1.57 to 6.30) p=0.001 | 1.31 (0.78 to 1.83) p<0.001 | −0.20 (−0.42 to 0.03) p=0.09 |
2 | 8.75 (7.59 to 9.91) p<0.001 | 9.69 (5.76 to 13.63) p<0.001 | 4.76 (2.27 to 7.25) p<0.001 | 4.93 (2.00 to 7.87) p=0.001 | 1.58 (0.91 to 2.24) p<0.001 | 0.05 (−0.22 to 0.33) p=0.71 |
*Model details: model 1 is unadjusted; model 2 is adjusted for age at outcome assessment and year of draft board examination, and the coefficient for change in BMI between 7 and 11 years is additionally adjusted for BMI at 7 years as predicted by the multilevel model.
†Defined as 35% overweight relative to a Scandinavian standard in use at the time, equivalent to a BMI ≥31 kg/m2 in early adulthood, mean age 20 years.