Relevant characteristics and neurological signs in cases with parkinsonism with/without cognitive impairment (n=16) in Papua, 2001–2012
| Case number | Yahr stage | Survey year | Village | Age | Sex | Onset (age/year) | Duration (years) | Death (year) | Ethnicity | UMN signs | LMN signs | Bulbar signs | Parkinsonian sign | Cognitive impairment | Family history | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DTR | BS | MA | Fasc | TA | Dys | T | R | BK | PI | ||||||||||||
| U/L | U/L | U/L | U/L | U/L | |||||||||||||||||
| P 1 | Yahr IV | 2001 | Kepi | 50 | M | NC | NC | NC | Jakai | 2/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/+ | +/+ | ++ | + | − | − |
| P 2 | Yahr II | 2001 | Kepi | 50 | M | NC | NC | NC | Jakai | 2/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − |
| P 3 | Yahr IV | 2002 | Emete | 52 | M | 49/'99 | 3 | NC | Jakai | 2/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | − |
| P 4 | Yahr II | 2002 | Senggo | 41 | M | 36/'97 | 5 | NC | Citak | 2/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − |
| P 5 | Yahr I | 2007 | Mur | 65 | F | 61/'03 | 4 | NC | Jakai | 2/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/− | +/− | − | − | − | 10 |
| P 6 | Yahr IV | 2008 | Pies | 60 | F | 55/'03 | 6 | 2009 | Auyu | 2/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/+ | +/+ | ++ | + | − | 11 |
| P 7 | Yahr IV | 2008/'10 | Mopio | 52 | F | 47/'05 | 5 | Alive | Auyu | 3/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | ++/+ | +/+ | ++ | + | − | − |
| P 8 | Yahr II | 2011 | Sien | 57 | F | 49/'03 | 9 | 2012 | Auyu | 3/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/+ | +/+ | + | − | − | 12 |
| P 9 | Yahr IV | 2007/'08/' 10/'12 | Bade | 46 | F | 40/'06 | 6 | Alive | Auyu | 3/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/+ | ++/+ | + | + | − | 13 |
| P 10 | Yahr II | 2011/'12 | Asset | 38 | M | 27/'01 | 11 | Alive | Auyu | 3/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/− | +/− | + | − | − | − |
| P 11 | Yahr III | 2011/'12 | Sien | 54 | F | 40/'98 | 14 | Alive | Auyu | 3/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | ++/+ | ++/++ | + | + | − | − |
| P 12 | Yahr II | 2011/'12 | Memes | 66 | F | 64/'10 | 2 | Alive | Auyu | 3/3 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/+ | +/+ | + | − | − | 14 |
| P 13 | Yahr II | 2012 | Harapan | 60 | M | 57/'09 | 3 | Alive | Auyu | 2/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | − | +/+ | − | − | − | − |
| P 14 | Yahr II | 2007 | Mur | 50 | M | 38/'95 | 12 | NC | Auyu | 2/4 | + | −/− | −/− | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − |
| P 15 | Yahr I | 2007 | Homilikia | 50 | M | NC | NC | Alive | Auyu | 2/3 | + | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/− | +/± | − | − | − | − |
| P 16 | Yahr III | 2011 | Osso | 35 | F | 33/'09 | 2 | 2011 | Auyu | 3/2 | − | −/− | −/− | − | − | +/+ | +/+ | + | + | + | 15 |
Age: at the time of final survey; Alive: alive in 2012; Deep tendon reflexes: −, absent; 1, hypoactive; 2, normal; 3, hyperactive; 4, markedly hyperactive with ankle clonus; Duration: between subjective onset of illness and last survey or death; Onset: subjective onset of illness.
Other signs are classified as: −, absent; ±, questionably present; +, present; ++, markedly present.
Family history: 10, son (NC); 11, sister (ALS-P 1) and cousin (NC); 12, mother and father (NC); 13, grandmother (NC); 14, mother (NC); 15, mother's cousin (ALS 10).
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; BK, bradykinesia; BS, Babinski sign; DTR, deep tendon reflex; Dys, dysphagia/dysarthria; F, female; Fasc, fasciculation; LMN, lower motor neuron signs; M, male; MA, muscle atrophy with weakness; NC, not confirmed by examination; P, parkinsonism; PI, postural impairment; R, rigidity; T, tremor; TA, tongue atrophy; U/L, upper limbs/lower limbs; UMN, upper motor neuron signs; Yahr stage, the scale of Hoehn and Yahr.