Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Need factors | |||
Antenatal care visits | <0.001 | ||
0 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 1.79 (1.03 to 3.10) | 1.30 (0.72 to 2.34) | |
2 | 2.58 (1.62 to 4.10) | 1.75 (1.07 to 2.93) | |
3 | 4.18 (2.69 to 6.50) | 2.21 (1.39 to 3.43) | |
4 | 8.71 (5.40 to 14.05) | 4.13 (2.51 to 6.44) | |
≥5 | 17.89 (11.23 to 28.51) | 4.94 (3.14 to 7.76) | |
Birth preparedness† | <0.001 | ||
0 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 2.68 (2.18 to 3.30) | 1.52 (1.19 to 1.88) | |
≥2 | 9.31 (5.71 to 15.17) | 3.41 (2.01 to 5.58) | |
Confounding factors | |||
Women's age (years) | 0.083 | ||
15–19 | 1 | 1 | |
20–24 | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.86) | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.97) | |
25–29 | 0.56 (0.42 to 0.75) | 0.69 (0.48 to 1.00) | |
30–49 | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.49) | 0.80 (0.49 to 1.32) | |
Women's education | 0.216 | ||
None | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 1.91 (1.46 to 2.51) | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.42) | |
Secondary | 5.35 (4.25 to 6.72) | 1.29 (0.97 to 1.71) | |
Higher | 20.28 (12.22 to 33.65) | 1.67 (0.89 to 3.12) | |
Partner's education | 0.467 | ||
None | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 1.61 (1.17 to 2.21) | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.30) | |
Secondary | 3.62 (2.63 to 4.98) | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.33) | |
Higher | 11.19 (7.34 to 17.04) | 1.28 (0.78 to 2.09) | |
Parity | <0.001 | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | |
2 | 0.44 (0.35 to 0.54) | 0.44 (0.34 to 0.58) | |
3 | 0.21 (0.16 to 0.28) | 0.39 (0.28 to 0.54) | |
4 | 0.18 (0.13 to 0.25) | 0.42 (0.28 to 0.63) | |
≥5 | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.12) | 0.30 (0.19 to 0.49) | |
Wealth quintiles | <0.001 | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | |
2 | 2.14 (1.68 to 2.73) | 1.58 (1.19 to 2.11) | |
3 | 3.73 (2.80 to 4.96) | 2.03 (1.44 to 2.86) | |
4 | 7.25 (5.33 to 9.88) | 2.73 (1.90 to 3.94) | |
5 | 24.17 (17.51 to 33.35) | 6.17 (3.94 to 9.67) | |
Ethnicity | 0.607 | ||
Other | 1 | 1 | |
Upper caste | 1.56 (1.22 to 2.01) | 1.08 (0.81 to 1.42) | |
Lower caste | 0.72 (0.57 to 0.92) | 1.16 (0.85 to 1.59) | |
Region | 0.244 | ||
Mountain | 1 | 1 | |
Hill | 1.94 (1.28 to 2.95) | 1.28 (0.86 to 1.92) | |
Terai | 2.78 (1.86 to 4.14) | 1.43 (0.94 to 2.19) | |
Residential location | <0.001 | ||
Rural | 1 | 1 | |
Urban | 5.19 (3.99 to 6.75) | 2.42 (1.83 to 3.19) |
*From multivariable logistic regression model.
†Birth preparedness consists of four preparation activities (planning for a birth attendant, saving money, arrangement for transportation and identification of potential blood donator).