Variables | p Value |
---|---|
Gender (male vs female) | 0.473 |
History of frequent exacerbation (yes vs no) | 0.006 |
GOLD stage (I/II/III/IV) | 0.009 |
Long-term oxygen therapy (yes/no) | 0.128 |
Use of inhaled corticosteroids (yes vs no) | 0.862 |
Use of long-acting β agonists (yes vs no) | 0.861 |
Bold typeface indicates statistical significance.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.