Table 3

Patient reported experiences in primary healthcare

	Chinese- English (n=142)	Chinese- Chinese (n=284)	South Asian English (n=164)	South Asian Punjabi (n=307)	English Speakers of presumed European descent (n=314*)	p Value for χ² or ANOVA F test	Total (n=1211)
Percentage of overall sample	11.7	23.5	13.5	25.4	25.9		100.00
Experiences outside of Canada (in past 12 months)
Percentage who received healthcare outside Canada	10.00	19.50	6.13	8.55	5.10	<0.0001	10.06
Post-hoc p value	NS	<0.0001	NS	NS	ref
Experiences in Canada (in past 12 months)
Accessibility
Usual source of care (%)	92.25	92.58	93.25	91.83	93.61	NS	92.71
Unmet healthcare needs Percentage who needed healthcare but never received†	8.70	8.70	11.61	9.49	8.36	NS	9.19
Usual wait at regular place of care (min)
0–10	22.41	10.55	16.34	8.68	23.83		15.59
>10–20	21.55	23.63	30.07	12.50	35.74		24.46
>20–30	16.38	21.94	18.95	18.75	17.69	<0.0001	18.95
>30–60	28.45	28.69	17.65	23.61	16.97		22.69
>60	11.21	15.19	16.99	36.46	5.78		18.30
Post-hoc‡ p value	0.0075	<0.0001	0.0026	<0.0001	ref
Wait for healthcare§
Percentage who needed to wait for healthcare	38.30	44.48	39.51	33.00	37.10	NS	38.26
Length of wait
<1 week	58.82	62.30	65.00	76.04	41.74	0.0007	59.91
Weeks	23.53	15.57	11.67	10.42	16.52		15.09
Months	17.65	19.67	18.33	12.50	29.13		22.75
Never received	0.00	2.46	5.00	1.04	2.61		2.25
Post hoc p value	NS	0.0099	NS	<0.0001	ref
Utilisation
Number of visits in past year for
Physical health¶ Mean (SD)	2.90 (3.27)	2.96 (3.86)	3.97 (4.17)	5.85 (6.65)	3.99 (4.96)	<0.0001	4.13 (5.13)
Post hoc p value	NS	NS	NS	<0.0001	ref
Mental health** Mean (SD)	0.48 (2.64)	0.24 (1.11)	0.63 (2.08)	1.14 (3.40)	0.44 (1.39)	0.0001	0.61 (2.30)
Post hoc p value	NS	NS	NS	0.0012	ref
Relationship continuity
Length of time seeing same doctor or going to the same place (years)
<1	5.71	4.01	4.29	6.56	7.77	NS	5.88
1–<3	15.71	8.39	8.59	10.49	9.71		10.16
3–5	15.00	19.71	20.25	18.03	15.53		17.72
6 or more	63.57	67.88	66.87	64.92	66.99		66.25
Interpersonal communication (range 1–5; higher score is better)
Unhurried communication†† Mean (SD)	4.56 (0.71)	4.32 (0.72)	4.64 (0.69)	4.65 (0.64)	4.72 (0.59)	<0.0001	4.58 (0.68)
Post hoc p value	NS	<0.0001	NS	NS	ref
Explained test results‡‡ Mean (SD)	4.11 (1.17)	3.64 (1.18)	4.25 (1.18)	4.00 (1.37)	4.48 (0.99)	<0.0001	4.08 (1.23)
Post hoc p value	NS	<0.0001	NS	<0.0001	ref
Patient-centered decision-making§§ Mean (SD)	3.40 (1.35)	3.06 (1.23)	3.09 (1.32)	3.31 (1.32)	3.63 (1.38)	0.0017	3.32 (1.33)
Post hoc p value	NS	0.0008	0.0065	NS	ref
Interpersonal style, compassionate and respectful¶¶ Mean (SD)	4.35 (0.86)	3.84 (0.92)	4.53 (0.77)	4.44 (0.96)	4.46 (0.84)	<0.0001	4.31 (0.92)
Post hoc p value	NS	<0.0001	NS	NS	ref
Quality and acceptability
Overall rating of quality of healthcare received***
Excellent/very good	52.94	16.81	49.35	36.68	69.54	<0.0001	44.55
Good	37.82	53.45	36.84	29.41	21.15		34.45
Fair/poor	9.24	29.74	13.81	33.91	9.32		21.01
Post hoc p value	0.0031	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	ref
Acceptability scale††† (range 1–4; higher score is better)	3.63 (0.73)	3.33 (0.91)	3.16 (1.00)	2.87 (1.11)	3.58 (0.80)	<0.0001	3.26
Post hoc p value	NS	NS	0.0002	<0.0001	ref

*Includes one person who did not answer the question on ethnicity, but did answer he was most comfortable speaking English.
†11.6% missing responses.
‡Post hoc comparisons are made when the χ² or ANOVA F test are significant (p<0.05). The reference category is the Caucasian—English group. p Value must be less than 0.01 for significance in the post hoc tests.
§Wait for care was included as one variable in regression models.
¶11.1% missing responses
**10.8% missing responses
††10.5% missing
‡‡20.0% missing
§§44.8% missing
¶¶13.1% missing
***11.6% missing
†††27.3% missing.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; NS, not significant.