Table 1

Doctors’ views, by specialty, on whether the implementation of the European Working Time Directive has benefited the NHS

Specialty group	Strongly agree or agree		Neither agree nor disagree		Strongly disagree or disagree		Total
Specialty group	n	Per cent	n	Per cent	n	Per cent	n (100%)
Adult medical specialties	73	9.9*	188	25.4*	479	64.7**	740
Paediatrics	36	17.8**	57	28.2	109	54.0	202
Emergency medicine	22	15.1	41	28.1	83	56.8	146
Surgery	47	7.9**	96	16.2**	451	75.9**	594
Obstetrics and gynaecology	5	8.9	12	21.4	39	69.6	56
Anaesthetics	50	14.5	72	20.9**	223	64.6*	345
Radiology	19	12.6	42	27.8	90	59.6	151
Clinical oncology	3	3.7*	16	19.8	62	76.5**	81
Pathology	13	10.3	38	30.2	75	59.5	126
Psychiatry	46	19.7**	79	33.8	109	46.6**	234
General practice	176	12.5	541	38.3**	695	49.2**	1412
Other medical	8	16.3	20	40.8	21	42.9	49
χ²₁₁, p value	42.6	<0.001	133.7	<0.001	176.1	<0.001
Total	498	12.0	1202	29.1	2436	58.9	4136

The row of χ²₁₁ values and corresponding p values indicates whether the variation in percentages, comparing specialties in each column, can be regarded as random. p<0.001 indicates a probability of less than 1 in 1000 that the variation is due to chance.
Asterisks alongside percentages indicate specialties in which doctors take a significantly different view than doctors overall; * denotes p<0.05 and ** p<0.01, representing respectively a 5% and a 1% chance that the specialty variation from the overall average is due to chance.
Sixty respondents whose specialty was unknown, who were unemployed or who did not work in medicine were excluded.
NHS, National Health Service.