Distribution of CHD cases and controls by genetic risk score and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (lower/higher risk for CHD), in men and women
| Men (n=1115) | Women (n=663) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n=331) | Controls (n=784) | Cases (n=146) | Controls (n=487) | |
| Lower/higher risk | Lower/higher risk | Lower/higher risk | Lower/higher risk | |
| GRS (lower risk: <sex-specific median of controls; higher risk: ≥sex-specific median of controls) | 150/181 (45/55) | 400/384 (51/49) | 60/86 (41/59) | 243/244 (50/50) |
| Smoking status (lower risk: never/former smokers; higher risk: current smokers) | 193/138 (58/42) | 515/269 (66/34) | 133/13 (91/9) | 453/34 (93/7) |
| Hypertension (lower risk: no; higher risk: yes) | 107/224 (32/68) | 332/452 (42/58) | 15/131 (10/90) | 169/318 (35/65) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (lower risk: no; higher risk: yes) | 263/68 (79/21) | 718/66 (92/8) | 95/51 (65/35) | 429/58 (88/12) |
| Physical activity (lower risk: ≥sex-specific median; higher risk: <sex-specific median) | 148/183 (45/55) | 410/374 (52/48) | 64/82 (44/56) | 254/233 (52/48) |
| Energy intake (lower risk: ≥sex-specific median; higher risk: <sex-specific median) | 153/178 (46/54) | 405/379 (52/48) | 63/83 (43/57) | 254/233 (52/48) |
| MedDiet score (lower risk: ≥4; higher risk: <4) | 224/107 (68/32) | 545/239 (69/31) | 93/53 (64/36) | 328/159 (67/33) |
| Body mass index (lower risk: <25 kg/m2; higher risk: ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 51/280 (15/85) | 160/624 (20/80) | 14/132 (10/90) | 70/417 (14/86) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (lower risk: <sex-specific median; higher risk: ≥sex-specific median) | 147/184 (44/56) | 410/374 (52/48) | 60/86 (41/59) | 255/232 (52/48) |
Data are numbers (% in parenthesis). Median values for GRS are based on controls only,19 whereas for conventional risk factors median values are based on cases and controls combined.
CHD, coronary heart disease; GRS, genetic risk score; MedDiet, Mediterranean diet.