Probability of seeking care for malaria, tetanus and tuberculosis—relative risk ratios based on multinomial logit specifications
| Variables | Malaria | Tetanus | Tuberculosis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health centre | Hospital | Health centre | Hospital | Hospital | ||||||
| RRR (95% CI) | p Value | RRR (95% CI) | p Value | RRR (95% CI) | p Value | RRR (95% CI) | p Value | RRR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Head's education | ||||||||||
| No education at all | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Informal education | 1.55 (0.88 to 2.73) | 0.13 | 1.55 (0.62 to 3.92) | 0.35 | 1.14 (0.71 to 1.84) | 0.59 | 0.58 (0.23 to 1.5) | 0.27 | 1.26 (0.75 to 2.13) | 0.38 |
| Primary and higher | 0.71 (0.5 to 1) | 0.05 | 0.99 (0.49 to 2.01) | 0.97 | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.14) | 0.23 | 0.7 (0.35 to 1.42) | 0.32 | 0.9 (0.56 to 1.46) | 0.67 |
| Religion of the head | ||||||||||
| Muslim and other religions | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Orthodox Christian | 2.45 (1.53 to 3.94) | 0.00 | 0.72 (0.34 to 1.55) | 0.41 | 2.75 (1.77 to 4.27) | 0.00 | 0.68 (0.32 to 1.44) | 0.31 | 0.16 (0.1 to 0.27) | 0.00 |
| Protestant | 2.35 (1.29 to 4.26) | 0.01 | 0.35 (0.09 to 1.37) | 0.13 | 1.97 (1.09 to 3.54) | 0.02 | 0.26 (0.06 to 1.09) | 0.07 | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.39) | 0.00 |
| Consumption quintiles | ||||||||||
| Poorest quintile | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 2nd quintile | 1.99 (1.32 to 3.01) | 0.00 | 3.36 (1.05 to 10.78) | 0.04 | 1.79 (1.2 to 2.67) | 0.01 | 7.39 (1.47 to 37.25) | 0.02 | 1.81 (0.79 to 4.15) | 0.16 |
| 3rd quintile | 2.23 (1.43 to 3.48) | 0.00 | 4.8 (1.52 to 15.2) | 0.01 | 1.62 (1.06 to 2.49) | 0.03 | 11.48 (2.36 to 55.8) | 0.00 | 2.22 (0.97 to 5.06) | 0.06 |
| 4th quintile | 2.57 (1.59 to 4.17) | 0.00 | 8.62 (2.78 to 26.76) | 0.00 | 2.7 (1.68 to 4.33) | 0.00 | 28.87 (5.99 to 139.06) | 0.00 | 3.47 (1.55 to 7.75) | 0.00 |
| Richest quintile | 1.99 (1.19 to 3.33) | 0.01 | 5.16 (1.53 to 17.37) | 0.01 | 1.82 (1.11 to 2.98) | 0.02 | 9.32 (1.78 to 48.69) | 0.01 | 2.95 (1.26 to 6.91) | 0.01 |
| Access to public infrastructure | ||||||||||
| Water using from public sources | ||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.08 (0.79 to 1.47) | 0.65 | 0.47 (0.25 to 0.89) | 0.02 | 1.02 (0.76 to 1.38) | 0.88 | 0.34 (0.18 to 0.66) | 0.00 | 0.56 (0.37 to 0.84) | 0.01 |
| Use electricity | ||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 3.83 (1.73 to 8.5) | 0.00 | 6.23 (1.9 to 20.39) | 0.00 | 2.34 (1.22 to 4.47) | 0.01 | 3.68 (1.09 to 12.42) | 0.04 | 1.43 (0.76 to 2.69) | 0.26 |
| Access to TV signal | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| No | 0.47 (0.32 to 0.69) | 0.00 | 2.14 (0.99 to 4.61) | 0.05 | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.84) | 0.00 | 2.14 (0.99 to 4.61) | 0.05 | 1.24 (0.8 to 1.94) | 0.34 |
| Access to mobile signal | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| No | 1.35 (0.87 to 2.09) | 0.17 | 0.44 (0.21 to 0.92) | 0.03 | 1.17 (0.78 to 1.77) | 0.44 | 0.39 (0.19 to 0.83) | 0.01 | 0.76 (0.48 to 1.2) | 0.24 |
| Travel time to the nearest health post (in minutes) | 1.01 (1 to 1.02) | 0.00 | 1 (0.99 to 1.02) | 0.82 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.02) | 0.00 | 1 (0.99 to 1.02) | 0.63 | 1 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.53 |
| Travel time to the nearest health centre (in minutes) | 0.99 (0.99 to 0.99) | 0.00 | 1 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.83 | 0.99 (0.99 to 0.99) | 0.00 | 1 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.68 | 1 (1 to 1.01) | 0.38 |
| Travel time to the nearest public hospital (in minutes) | 1 (1 to 1.01) | 0.03 | 1 (1 to 1.01) | 0.32 | 1 (1 to 1) | 0.03 | 1 (0.99 to 1) | 0.47 | 1 (0.99 to 1) | 0.17 |
| Regions | ||||||||||
| SNNPR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Tigray | 0.87 (0.45 to 1.67) | 0.68 | 0.57 (0.14 to 2.4) | 0.44 | 0.8 (0.43 to 1.52) | 0.50 | 0.73 (0.18 to 2.96) | 0.66 | 1.26 (0.44 to 3.61) | 0.67 |
| Amhara | 4.98 (2.65 to 9.37) | 0.00 | 3.01 (0.9 to 10.1) | 0.07 | 3.95 (2.17 to 7.21) | 0.00 | 1.55 (0.46 to 5.28) | 0.48 | 0.93 (0.38 to 2.25) | 0.86 |
| Oromiya | 10.47 (5.26 to 20.83) | 0.00 | 3.72 (1.07 to 12.97) | 0.04 | 10.56 (5.37 to 20.77) | 0.00 | 4.22 (1.23 to 14.4) | 0.02 | 0.59 (0.24 to 1.47) | 0.26 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.192 | 0.199 | 0.176 | |||||||
| N | 1523 | 1507 | 1545 | |||||||
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Except for the case of tuberculosis, the reference outcome is health posts. In case of tuberculosis, the reference outcome is health centre. The outcomes also include clinic and other care options and estimates for these outcomes are reported in appendix 5C–E. Except for the case of tuberculosis, the other care option includes do nothing, traditional healers, religious healers, and pharmacies/drug stores. In the case of tuberculosis, health posts are included as part of the other care option. Models also control for demographics, household health status, trust in modern care (as in table 2).
SNNPR, Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region.