Description of the study population, UK 2005–2010
| Characteristics | Female N=7921 | Male N=8592 | Total N=16 513 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length of follow-up (years): mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.0 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.4) |
| Length of follow-up (years): median (range) | 1.7 (0–5) | 1.8 (0–5) | 1.7 (0–5) |
| Age: mean (SD) | 77 (11.2) | 72 (12.2) | 74 (12.0) |
| Age: median (range) | 79 (25–107) | 73 (21–101) | 76 (21–107) |
| Gender: female | 7921 (100.0%) | – | 7921 (48.0%) |
| BMI: mean (SD) | 27 (6) | 28 (5) | 28 (6) |
| BMI: median (range) | 26 (12–69) | 27 (12–70) | 27 (12–70) |
| Smoker | 776 (9.8%) | 1227 (14.3%) | 2003 (12.1%) |
| Drinker | 4858 (61.3%) | 6743 (78.5%) | 11 601 (70.3%) |
| Deprivation index of patient's home | |||
| 0 (least deprived) | 1251 (15.8%) | 1502 (17.5%) | 2753 (16.7%) |
| 1 | 1388 (17.5%) | 1508 (17.6%) | 2896 (17.5%) |
| 2 | 1259 (15.9%) | 1376 (16.0%) | 2635 (16.0%) |
| 3 | 1219 (15.4%) | 1232 (14.3%) | 2451 (14.8%) |
| 4 (most deprived) | 1144 (14.4%) | 1082 (12.6%) | 2226 (13.5%) |
| Patient deprivation: unknown | 1660 (21.0%) | 1892 (22.0%) | 3552 (21.5%) |
| CHADS2 risk score: mean (SD) | 1.64 (1.15) | 1.37 (1.20) | 1.50 (1.18) |
| CHADS2 risk score: median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) |
| 0 | 1215 (15.3%) | 2278 (26.5%) | 3493 (21.2%) |
| 1 | 2633 (33.2%) | 2875 (33.5%) | 5508 (33.4%) |
| 2 | 2574 (32.5%) | 2031 (23.6%) | 4605 (27.9%) |
| 3 | 897 (11.3%) | 881 (10.3%) | 1778 (10.8%) |
| 4 | 463 (5.8%) | 383 (4.5%) | 846 (5.1%) |
| 5 | 131 (1.7%) | 129 (1.5%) | 260 (1.6%) |
| 6 | 8 (0.1%) | 15 (0.2%) | 23 (0.1%) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc risk score: mean (SD) | 3.74 (1.57) | 2.40 (1.7) | 3.04 (1.77) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc risk score: median (IQR) | 4 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) |
| 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 1258 (14.6%) | 1258 (7.6%) |
| 1 | 569 (7.2%) | 1405 (16.4%) | 1974 (12.0%) |
| 2 | 900 (11.4%) | 2199 (25.6%) | 3099 (18.8%) |
| 3 | 2219 (28.0%) | 1830 (21.3%) | 4049 (24.5%) |
| 4 | 2369 (29.9%) | 865 (10.1%) | 3234 (19.6%) |
| 5 | 788 (9.9%) | 502 (5.8%) | 1290 (7.8%) |
| 6 | 481 (6.1%) | 380 (4.4%) | 861 (5.2%) |
| 7 | 451 (5.7%) | 136 (1.6%) | 587 (3.6%) |
| 8 | 136 (1.7%) | 17 (0.2%) | 153 (0.9%) |
| 9 | 8 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (<0.1%) |
| History of* | |||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 515 (6.5%) | 1106 (12.9%) | 1621 (9.8%) |
| Stroke | 884 (11.2%) | 960 (11.2%) | 1844 (11.2%) |
| Systemic peripheral arterial embolism | 28 (0.4%) | 21 (0.2%) | 49 (0.3%) |
| Vascular event | 1349 (17.0%) | 1924 (22.4%) | 3273 (19.8%) |
| CAD | 1021 (12.9%) | 1755 (20.4%) | 2776 (16.8%) |
| CHF | 659 (8.3%) | 698 (8.1%) | 1357 (8.2%) |
| Hypertension | 4280 (54.0%) | 3833 (44.6%) | 8113 (49.1%) |
| Diabetes | 1098 (13.9%) | 1428 (16.6%) | 2526 (15.3%) |
| Liver impairment | 133 (1.7%) | 204 (2.4%) | 337 (2.0%) |
| Renal impairment | 1342 (16.9%) | 1171 (13.6%) | 2513 (15.2%) |
| Treatment with† | |||
| Antiarrhythmics | 716 (9.0%) | 706 (8.2%) | 1422 (8.6%) |
| Statins | 2435 (30.7%) | 3287 (38.3%) | 5722 (34.7%) |
| Antiplatelets | 3856 (48.7%) | 4292 (50.0%) | 8148 (49.3%) |
| Aspirin | 3570 (45.1%) | 4029 (46.9%) | 7599 (46.0%) |
| Low dose aspirin (<100 mg) | 3460 (43.7%) | 3871 (45.1%) | 7331 (44.4%) |
| High dose aspirin (>=100 mg) | 155 (2.0%) | 191 (2.2%) | 346 (2.1%) |
| Clopidogrel | 387 (4.9%) | 429 (5.0%) | 816 (4.9%) |
| Other antiplatelets | 130 (1.6%) | 179 (2.1%) | 309 (1.9%) |
| Anticoagulants | 762 (9.6%) | 1054 (12.3%) | 1816 (11.0%) |
| Antidiabetics | 636 (8.0%) | 862 (10.0%) | 1498 (9.1%) |
| Oral antidiabetics | 548 (6.9%) | 753 (8.8%) | 1301 (7.9%) |
| Insulin | 158 (2.0%) | 207 (2.4%) | 365 (2.2%) |
| Other injectable antidiabetics | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (<0.1%) | 2 (<0.1%) |
| Antihypertensives‡ | 5361 (67.7%) | 5386 (62.7%) | 10 747 (65.1%) |
*‘Ever’ diagnoses of comorbidities were measured prior to the index date in CPRD.
†Treatments are measured in the 90 days prior to index date.
‡Antihypertensives include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, calcium channel blockers, Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, diuretics with potassium, thiazides and related diuretics.
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure.