Age in years (M±SD) | 63.41±10.49 |
Gender (% male) | 50 |
Duration of hearing difficulties in years (M±SD) | 11.67±10.83 |
Consulted a healthcare professional specialising in hearing regarding hearing difficulties (%) | |
Yes | 65.6 |
No | 34.4 |
Education (%) | |
Compulsory education | 13.3 |
Secondary education | 48.9 |
Tertiary education | 37.8 |
Self-reported hearing disability acceptance (HDAQ; M±SD) | 36.88±7.85 |
Activity engagement | 22.72±4.36 |
Avoidance and suppression | 14.16±4.65 |
Self-reported hearing disability (HHQ; M±SD) | 34.96±9.95 |
Emotional | 20.61±5.75 |
Social | 14.32±4.85 |
Self-reported anxiety and depression (HADS; M±SD) | 14.77±7.50 |
Anxiety | 7.04±4.43 |
Depression | 7.70±3.81 |
Stages of change (URICA) | |
Readiness-to-change composite (M±SD) | 39.41±8.63 |
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HDAQ, Hearing Disability Acceptance Questionnaire; HHQ, Hearing Handicap Questionnaire; URICA, University of Rhode Island Change Assessment.