Cox proportional hazard regression analysis: univariate (unadjusted) analyses
| Complete cohort (3a) | ACR tested cohort (3b) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1 | (<0.001*) | 1 | (<0.001*) |
| South Asian | 0.421 (0.376 to 0.471) | <0.001 | 0.444 (0.362 to 0.545) | <0.001 |
| Black | 0.522 (0.447 to 0.609) | <0.001 | 0.467 (0.357 to 0.611) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 50 and under | 1 | (<0.001*) | 1 | (<0.001*) |
| 51–60 | 2.127 (1.553 to 2.914) | <0.001 | 1.757 (1.057 to 2.921) | 0.03 |
| 61–70 | 5.429 (4.078 to 7.228) | <0.001 | 4.646 (2.926 to 7.345) | <0.001 |
| 71–80 | 12.971 (9.887 to 17.016) | <0.001 | 11.363 (7.376 to 17.505) | <0.001 |
| 81–90 | 32.86 (29.952 to 43.275) | <0.001 | 24.725 (15.769 to 38.767) | <0.001 |
| >90 | 90.904 (65.097 to 126.943) | <0.001 | 82.731 (46.684 to 146.612) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female as reference | 1.375 (1.238 to 1.529) | <0.001 | 1.401 (1.155 to 1.699) | 0.001 |
| Smoker | ||||
| Non-smoker as reference | 1.154 (1.009 to 1.317) | 0.036 | 1.259 (1.006 to 1.574) | 0.044 |
| IMD rank | ||||
| Quintile 1 (least deprived) | 0.860 (0.385 to 1.919) | 0.713 | <0.001 (<0.001—>10^5) | 0.939 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.822 (0.465 to 1.453) | 0.501 | <0.001 (<0.001—>10^5) | 0.897 |
| Quintile 3 | 1.002 (0.846 to 1.186) | 0.983 | 1.151 (0.818 to 1.619) | 0.419 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.925 (0.800 to 1.070) | 0.297 | 0.774 (0.577 to 1.039) | 0.088 |
| Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 1 | (0.802*) | 1 | (0.42*) |
| AF | 5.588 (4.757 to 6.565) | <0.001 | 6.123 (4.568 to 8.207) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 3.442 (3.074 to 3.854) | <0.001 | 3.498 (2.904 to 4.213) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1.346 (1.209 to 1.498) | <0.001 | 1.939 (1.577 to 2.385) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 7.622 (6.595 to 8.804) | <0.001 | 7.279 (5.681 to 9.327) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2.079 (1.857 to 2.325) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.681 to 2.499) | <0.001 |
| IHD | 2.796 (2.495 to 3.132) | <0.001 | 3.136 (2.592 to 3.795) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 3.654 (3.154 to 4.233) | <0.001 | 3.709 (2.855 to 4.817) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | 1 | (<0.001*) | 1 | (<0.001*) |
| 1 | 1.775 (1.487 to 2.118) | <0.001 | 1.630 (1.094 to 2.430) | 0.016 |
| 2 | 2.930 (2.458 to 3.493) | <0.001 | 2.917 (2.023 to 4.205) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 5.486 (4.550 to 6.615) | <0.001 | 5.580 (3.837 to 8.113) | <0.001 |
| 4 | 9.584 (7.691 to 11.942) | <0.001 | 9.855 (6.511 to 14.917) | <0.001 |
| 5 | 17.591 (13.490 to 22.939) | <0.001 | 21.091 (13.479 to 33.001) | <0.001 |
| 6 | 28.391 (18.411 to 43.782) | <0.001 | 33.673 (17.519 to 64.722) | <0.001 |
| 7 | 11.873 (1.664 to 84.728) | 0.014 | 29.402 (4.031 to 214.462) | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | ||||
| >120 | 1.492 (1.110 to 2.007) | 0.008 | 1.072 (0.603 to 1.903) | 0.813 |
| 90–120 | 1 | (<0.001*) | 1 | (<0.001*) |
| 60–89 | 1.360 (1.162 to 1.591) | <0.001 | 1.504 (1.138 to 1.987) | 0.04 |
| 45–59 | 3.849 (3.239 to 4.573) | <0.001 | 4.255 (3.155 to 5.737) | <0.001 |
| 30–44 | 6.590 (5.401 to 8.041) | <0.001 | 7.715 (5.564 to 10.699) | <0.001 |
| 15–29 | 14.465 (11.341 to 18.450) | <0.001 | 15.054 (9.942 to 22.796) | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/mmol) | ||||
| Optimal (<1.1) | 1 | (<0.001*) | ||
| High normal (1.1–2.99) | 1.363 (1.038 to 1.788) | 0.026 | ||
| High (3.0–29.99) | 2.967 (2.381 to 3.697) | <0.001 | ||
| Very high (30–200) | 6.253 (4.493 to 14.005) | <0.001 | ||
| Nephrotic (>200) | 7.932 (4.493 to 14.005) | <0.001 | ||
*p Value for overall effect.
ACR, albumin : creatinine ratio; AF, atrial fibrillation; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.