Vitamin D status and nutritional parameters in patients with tuberculosis
| Outcome | Body mass index (kg/m2) | Albumin concentration (g/dL) | Haemoglobin concentration (g/dL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adequate vitamin D, mean (SD)* | Vitamin D insufficiency, mean difference (95% CI)† | Vitamin D insufficiency, adjusted mean difference (95% CI)‡ | p Value | Adequate vitamin D, mean (SD)* | Vitamin D insufficiency, mean difference (95% CI)† | Vitamin D insufficiency, adjusted mean difference (95% CI)‡ | p Value | Adequate vitamin D, mean (SD)* | Vitamin D insufficiency, mean difference (95% CI)† | Vitamin D insufficiency, adjusted mean difference (95% CI)‡ | p Value | |
| Entire follow-up: all patients | ||||||||||||
| Vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/L) | 21.20 (2.80) | −0.06 (−0.30 to 0.17) | −0.08 (−0.30 to 0.14) | 0.46 | 3.42 (0.74) | −0.05 (−0.14 to 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.08 to 0.08) | 0.97 | 12.65 (1.80) | −0.16 (−0.40 to 0.08) | −0.18 (−0.41 to 0.05) | 0.12 |
| Vitamin D deficient (<50 nmol/L) | 21.23 (3.00) | −0.16 (−0.46 to 0.14) | −0.14 (−0.44 to 0.15) | 0.34 | 3.42 (0.72) | −0.05 (−0.17 to 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.08 to 0.13) | 0.65 | 12.42 (1.87) | 0.15 (−0.16 to 0.45) | 0.17 (−0.11 to 0.45) | 0.24 |
| Continuous vitamin D (per nmol/L) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) | 0.30 | 0.002 (0.00 to 0.004) | 0.000 (−0.002 to 0.002) | 0.90 | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) | 0.85 | |||
| First 8 months of follow-up: all patients | ||||||||||||
| Vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/L) | 20.96 (2.73) | −0.20 (−0.40 to −0.01) | −0.21 (−0.39 to −0.02) | 0.03 | 3.42 (1.09) | −0.01 (−0.18 to 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.13 to 0.21) | 0.65 | 12.12 (1.85) | −0.01 (−0.28 to 0.26) | −0.04 (−0.31 to 0.23) | 0.78 |
| Vitamin D deficient (<50 nmol/L) | 20.85 (2.84) | 0.00 (−0.25 to 0.25) | 0.04 (−0.21 to 0.29) | 0.78 | 3.41 (1.08) | −0.11 (−0.32 to 0.10) | −0.05 (−0.27 to 0.17) | 0.64 | 11.92 (1.99) | 0.16 (−0.18 to 0.50) | 0.21 (−0.10 to 0.53) | 0.19 |
| Continuous vitamin D (per nmol/L) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) | 0.38 | 0.000 (−0.003 to 0.005) | 0.000 (−0.004 to 0.004) | 0.87 | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | 0.57 | |||
* Data are the means (SD) of the average measurement during follow-up for each participant.
† Data are the mean difference between the low and the adequate vitamin D group. The mean differences, 95% CIs and corresponding p values were estimated from generalised estimating equations, after adjustment for baseline measurements, follow-up time and treatment (micronutrients vs placebo) group.
‡Multivariate analyses additionally adjusted for age, Karnofsky score, baseline haemoglobin, viral load, CD4 T cell count and HIV status; HIV status removed from the model where the results are stratified by HIV status. Viral load also removed from the model in HIV-uninfected individuals.