Component and overall mental well-being measures
| *% of respondents reporting that, in the last 2 weeks, they have never or rarely been | % with below average MWB† | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Feeling optimistic | Feeling useful | Feeling relaxed | Dealing well with problems | Thinking clearly | Feeling close to others | Able to make up own mind | ||
| All | 18.5 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 13.4 | |
| Age group | |||||||||
| 18–24 | 8.7 | 12.2 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 11.1 |
| 25–39 | 22.0 | 14.7 | 7.1 | 12.2 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 3.0 | 13.7 |
| 40–54 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 10.0 | 12.9 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 14.3 |
| 55–64 | 15.6 | 20.7 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 14.2 |
| 65+ | 32.3 | 21.8 | 12.5 | 8.0 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 12.7 |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.024 | 0.003 | 0.158 | 0.049 | 0.064 | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 41.6 | 21.1 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 2.5 | 14.0 |
| Female | 58.4 | 16.7 | 9.0 | 11.7 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 12.9 |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.870 | 0.525 | <0.001 | 0.758 | 0.095 | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 95.8 | 18.6 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 13.5 |
| Non-white | 4.2 | 16.2 | 4.9 | 9.0 | 6.2 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 10.0 |
| p Value | 0.193 | <0.001 | 0.255 | 0.912 | 0.158 | 0.093 | 0.961 | 0.031 | |
| Employment | |||||||||
| Employed | 39.0 | 11.4 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 7.8 |
| Full-time student | 2.4 | 7.2 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 7.9 |
| Unemployed | 12.9 | 32.8 | 24.1 | 20.4 | 17.3 | 11.7 | 15.5 | 7.4 | 31.2 |
| Retired | 36.7 | 21.5 | 12.1 | 8.1 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 13.1 |
| Other/domestic | 9.1 | 19.8 | 8.0 | 17.4 | 7.7 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 14.7 |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| IMD quintile | |||||||||
| (Least deprived)1 | 12.6 | 13.7 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 7.0 |
| 2 | 13.4 | 15.5 | 7.7 | 9.6 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 10.2 |
| 3 | 14.0 | 17.1 | 7.4 | 9.1 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 13.0 |
| 4 | 18.1 | 20.2 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 6.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 12.0 |
| (Most deprived) 5 | 42.0 | 20.7 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 8.1 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 17.0 |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Childhood happiness | |||||||||
| Happy | 88.3 | 16.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 11.4 |
| Unhappy | 11.7 | 31.4 | 21.5 | 22.9 | 14.2 | 11.5 | 16.0 | 7.3 | 28.0 |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Childhood violence | |||||||||
| Non-violent | 88.8 | 17.3 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 11.3 |
| Violent | 11.2 | 28.4 | 20.5 | 21.3 | 15.2 | 12.0 | 15.6 | 8.1 | 29.9 |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
*Variables represent the individual component questions used in the scale. See Methods for full definitions of questions analysed and categorisation of each variable. Statistical analyses used χ2.
†MWB (mental well-being) is measured using Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.
IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.