Table 4

Gene–environment interaction: effect of short-term air pollution exposures on blood marker levels and risk of MI onset among subjects in Stockholm, by IL6 and TNF genotypes

Gene/SNP	Minor allele frequency %	Genetic model	Exposure	Genotype stratum	Outcome: blood marker in population controls				Outcome: myocardial infarction onset in case-crossover analysis
Gene/SNP	Minor allele frequency %	Genetic model	Exposure	Genotype stratum	n	Blood marker	Air pollution effect on blood marker level, % (95% CI)*†	Interaction p Value*	Case periods n	Control periods n	Air pollution-related risk of MI onset, OR (95% CI)†‡	Interaction p Value‡
IL6-174	48	Dom	SO₂ 48 h	GG	198	IL-6	+13.8 (−37.0 to +105.6)	0.03	205	655	1.9 (1.2 to 2.9)	0.01
(rs1800795)				GC/CC	478		−48.6 (−68.1 to −17.2)		568	1993	0.9 (0.7 to 1.3)

IL6-598	47	Dom	SO₂ 48 h	GG	207	IL-6	+14.4 (−39.6 to +116.5)	0.04	209	661	1.7 (1.1 to 2.6)	0.03
(rs180797)				GA/AA	445		−47.5 (−66.9 to −16.6)		552	1935	0.9 (0.7 to 1.3)

TNF-308	17	Rec	SO₂ 48 h	GG/GA	807	TNF-α	−2.1 (−14.6 to +12.3)	0.09	751	2587	1.2 (0.9 to 1.5)	0.41
(rs1800629)				AA	20		−58.4 (−84.4 to +11.3)		26	76	0.4 (0.04 to 4.8)

TNF-863	17	Dom	PM₁₀ 48 h	CC	247	TNF-α	+39.7 (+5.9 to +84.1)	0.07	53	193	3.0 (0.7 to 13.0)	0.02
(rs1800630)				CA/AA	123		−11.3 (−41.1 to +33.8)		25	84	0.1 (0.01 to 1.1)
TNF-1031	22	Dom	PM₁₀ 48 h	TT	220	TNF-α	+31.5 (−2.6 to +77.5)	0.33	48	179	3.2 (0.7 to 14.0)	0.03
(rs1799964)				TC/CC	148		+4.3 (−27.5 to +49.9)		33	113	0.2 (0.04 to 1.8)

Dom, dominant model; rec, recessive model.
*Adjusted for age, sex and ambient temperature.
†Effect estimates per 1 unit of change in air pollution exposure, where unit corresponds to the difference between the 5th and 95th centiles of the exposure distribution in the population controls with no missing data; 11.3 µg/m³ for SO₂ 48 h, 34.5 µg/m³ for PM₁₀ 48 h.
‡Adjusted for ambient temperature.
§Effect estimates per 1 unit of change in air pollution exposure, where a unit corresponds to the difference between the 5th and 95th centiles of the exposure distribution in all intervals with no missing data; 11.7 µg/m³ for SO₂ 48 h, 26.7 µg/m³ for PM₁₀ 48 h.